{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2025432154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s120100954","title":"Sap Flow Sensors: Construction, Quality Control and Comparison","display_name":"Sap Flow Sensors: Construction, Quality Control and Comparison","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2025432154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s120100954","mag":"2025432154","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22368504"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s120100954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s120100954","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/1/954/pdf?version=1403316912","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/1/954/pdf?version=1403316912","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038476103","display_name":"T. W. Davis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tyler W. Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O\u2019Hara Street 941 Benedum Engineering Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA","Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street 941 Benedum Engineering Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O\u2019Hara Street 941 Benedum Engineering Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street 941 Benedum Engineering Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108276478","display_name":"Chen-Min Kuo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen-Min Kuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O\u2019Hara Street 941 Benedum Engineering Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA","Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O\u2019Hara Street 941 Benedum Engineering Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101816408","display_name":"Xu Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xu Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O\u2019Hara Street 941 Benedum Engineering Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O\u2019Hara Street 941 Benedum Engineering Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109122328","display_name":"Pao\u2010Shan Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pao-Shan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101816408"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.3758,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81388912,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"954","last_page":"971"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10577","display_name":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10716","display_name":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","score":0.9778000116348267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.5574893951416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-control","display_name":"Flow control (data)","score":0.5001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4649210274219513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.46255674958229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-sensor","display_name":"Flow sensor","score":0.44018465280532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-measurement","display_name":"Flow measurement","score":0.43456512689590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4235069453716278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.41950395703315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.36981457471847534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.35702136158943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.35607224702835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.34146368503570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3282160758972168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0982162356376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09154582023620605}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5574893951416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186766456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612457","display_name":"Flow control (data)","level":2,"score":0.5001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4649210274219513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.46255674958229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777153531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15091623","display_name":"Flow sensor","level":2,"score":0.44018465280532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16302685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15091623","display_name":"Flow measurement","level":2,"score":0.43456512689590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4235069453716278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.41950395703315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.36981457471847534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.35702136158943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.35607224702835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.34146368503570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3282160758972168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0982162356376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09154582023620605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004560","descriptor_name":"Electricity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004560","descriptor_name":"Electricity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004560","descriptor_name":"Electricity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011786","descriptor_name":"Quality Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011786","descriptor_name":"Quality Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011786","descriptor_name":"Quality Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013696","descriptor_name":"Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013696","descriptor_name":"Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013696","descriptor_name":"Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D031002","descriptor_name":"Acer","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D031002","descriptor_name":"Acer","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D031002","descriptor_name":"Acer","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053147","descriptor_name":"Plant Exudates","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053147","descriptor_name":"Plant Exudates","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053147","descriptor_name":"Plant Exudates","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s120100954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s120100954","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/1/954/pdf?version=1403316912","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22368504","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22368504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.271.6244","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.271.6244","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/f3/20/Sensors_(Basel)_2012_Jan_16_12(1)_954-971.tar.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e48f1521c93541a59781859ab4fce932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e48f1521c93541a59781859ab4fce932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 954-971 (2012)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/12/1/954/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s120100954","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 12; Issue 1; Pages: 954-971","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3279248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3279248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s120100954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s120100954","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/1/954/pdf?version=1403316912","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1205930836","display_name":"NeTS-NOSS:  Collaborative Research:  Investigating Temporal Correlation for Energy Efficient and Lossless Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks","funder_award_id":"0721474","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310174","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2025432154.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2025432154.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72934135","https://openalex.org/W1976280105","https://openalex.org/W1991682982","https://openalex.org/W2005882700","https://openalex.org/W2039325920","https://openalex.org/W2041881370","https://openalex.org/W2046085084","https://openalex.org/W2086600058","https://openalex.org/W2094723062","https://openalex.org/W2100184191","https://openalex.org/W2107642891","https://openalex.org/W2124402764","https://openalex.org/W2126137505","https://openalex.org/W2138679989","https://openalex.org/W2139472904","https://openalex.org/W2139850761","https://openalex.org/W2142638275","https://openalex.org/W2168108537","https://openalex.org/W2288833999","https://openalex.org/W2312552576","https://openalex.org/W2322645331","https://openalex.org/W2496116585","https://openalex.org/W2530007461","https://openalex.org/W3042242363","https://openalex.org/W4229915600","https://openalex.org/W4361758040","https://openalex.org/W6681214238","https://openalex.org/W6684762043"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4376453582","https://openalex.org/W4366320868","https://openalex.org/W3147033875","https://openalex.org/W2016205572","https://openalex.org/W1920639123","https://openalex.org/W2364473008","https://openalex.org/W1568390478","https://openalex.org/W963798146","https://openalex.org/W2357697790","https://openalex.org/W2326522681"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"provides":[2],"a":[3,39,45,54,71],"design":[4],"for":[5,23,29,41,49,84,93],"two":[6],"types":[7],"of":[8,19,32,57,96,99,110],"sensors,":[9,44,101],"based":[10],"on":[11],"the":[12,30,50,82,87,97,111,117],"thermal":[13],"dissipation":[14],"and":[15,53,61,80],"heat":[16],"ratio":[17],"methods":[18],"sap":[20,73,103,112],"flow":[21,74,104,113],"calculation,":[22],"moderate":[24],"to":[25,76,116],"large":[26],"scale":[27],"deployments":[28],"purpose":[31],"monitoring":[33],"tree":[34],"transpiration.":[35],"These":[36],"designs":[37,66],"include":[38],"procedure":[40],"making":[42],"these":[43],"quality":[46,85],"control":[47],"method":[48],"final":[51],"products,":[52],"complete":[55],"list":[56],"components":[58],"with":[59],"vendors":[60],"pricing":[62],"information.":[63],"Both":[64],"sensor":[65,75,88],"were":[67],"field":[68],"tested":[69],"alongside":[70],"commercial":[72,100,118],"assess":[77],"their":[78],"performance":[79],"show":[81,91],"importance":[83],"controlling":[86],"outputs.":[89],"Results":[90],"that":[92],"roughly":[94],"2%":[95],"cost":[98],"self-made":[102],"sensors":[105],"can":[106],"provide":[107],"acceptable":[108],"estimates":[109],"measurements":[114],"compared":[115],"sensors.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
