{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2086076953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s111110398","title":"LPS Auto-Calibration Algorithm with Predetermination of Optimal Zones","display_name":"LPS Auto-Calibration Algorithm with Predetermination of Optimal Zones","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2086076953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s111110398","mag":"2086076953","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22346649"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s111110398","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s111110398","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/11/10398/pdf?version=1403316392","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/11/10398/pdf?version=1403316392","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030665614","display_name":"F. Daniel Ruiz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Daniel Ruiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics Department, University of Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica. Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, 28871 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics Department, University of Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica. Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, 28871 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038690328","display_name":"Jes\u00fas Ure\u00f1a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1408-6039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jes\u00fas Ure\u00f1a","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics Department, University of Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica. Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, 28871 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics Department, University of Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica. Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, 28871 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013527015","display_name":"J.C. Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9367-9475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan C. Garc\u00eda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics Department, University of Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica. Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, 28871 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9367-9475","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics Department, University of Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica. Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, 28871 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079834065","display_name":"Ana Jim\u00e9nez-Mart\u00edn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0713-0054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Jim\u00e9nez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics Department, University of Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica. Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, 28871 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics Department, University of Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica. Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, 28871 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063313091","display_name":"\u00c1lvaro Hern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9308-8133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1lvaro Hern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics Department, University of Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica. Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, 28871 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics Department, University of Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica. Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, 28871 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020862895","display_name":"J.J. Garc\u0131\u0301a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7121-8651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan J. Garc\u00eda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics Department, University of Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica. Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, 28871 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics Department, University of Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica. Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, 28871 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030665614"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.8107,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76582173,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"11","first_page":"10398","last_page":"10414"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trilateration","display_name":"Trilateration","score":0.9901416301727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beacon","display_name":"Beacon","score":0.8887597322463989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.7176393866539001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.6566619277000427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.6408430933952332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.5954422354698181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5399221777915955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4291527271270752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.35780876874923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3451184034347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.2478332817554474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.22234028577804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11647868156433105}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20832178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1146298","display_name":"Trilateration","level":3,"score":0.9901416301727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102168758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7321258","display_name":"Beacon","level":2,"score":0.8887597322463989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.7176393866539001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.6566619277000427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.6408430933952332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.5954422354698181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5399221777915955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4291527271270752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.35780876874923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3451184034347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2478332817554474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.22234028577804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11647868156433105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s111110398","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s111110398","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/11/10398/pdf?version=1403316392","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22346649","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22346649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bdb14415b88a4c5d843f414dedb44ade","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bdb14415b88a4c5d843f414dedb44ade","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 11, Iss 11, Pp 10398-10414 (2011)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3274291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3274291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s111110398","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s111110398","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/11/10398/pdf?version=1403316392","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323737","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2086076953.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2086076953.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35651078","https://openalex.org/W1967303104","https://openalex.org/W2006176694","https://openalex.org/W2071467620","https://openalex.org/W2092441675","https://openalex.org/W2098437489","https://openalex.org/W2114893464","https://openalex.org/W2117190892","https://openalex.org/W2144315899","https://openalex.org/W2150332861","https://openalex.org/W2155124180","https://openalex.org/W2167687127","https://openalex.org/W6681157188","https://openalex.org/W6684630364"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2607109864","https://openalex.org/W2754349618","https://openalex.org/W2337616151","https://openalex.org/W2104852921","https://openalex.org/W2078544568","https://openalex.org/W2550075934","https://openalex.org/W2086571783","https://openalex.org/W2377079102","https://openalex.org/W4321843932","https://openalex.org/W3049701656"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"coordinates":[1,17,47,71],"for":[2,98],"active":[3],"beacons":[4,28],"placed":[5],"in":[6,11,86,141],"the":[7,19,27,30,83,117,120,128,135,142,146,151,162],"environment":[8],"are":[9,36,48,169],"required":[10],"local":[12],"positioning":[13],"systems":[14],"(LPS).":[15],"These":[16],"and":[18,29,57,101,158],"distances":[20],"(or":[21],"differences":[22],"of":[23,52,69,106,119,172],"distances)":[24],"measured":[25],"between":[26],"mobile":[31,91],"node":[32],"to":[33,38,81,133,149],"be":[34,112,125,155],"localized":[35],"inputs":[37],"most":[39],"trilateration":[40],"algorithms.":[41],"As":[42],"a":[43,63,79,87,90,114,131],"first":[44],"approximation,":[45],"such":[46],"obtained":[49],"by":[50,61],"means":[51],"manual":[53],"measurements":[54],"(a":[55],"time-consuming":[56],"non-flexible":[58],"method),":[59],"or":[60,138],"using":[62,89],"calibration":[64],"algorithm":[65],"(i.e.,":[66],"automatic":[67],"determination":[68],"beacon":[70],"from":[72],"ad":[73],"hoc":[74],"measurements).":[75],"This":[76],"paper":[77,129],"presents":[78],"method":[80,94],"calibrate":[82,150],"beacons'":[84],"positions":[85],"LPS":[88,153],"receiver.":[92],"The":[93,104],"has":[95],"been":[96],"developed":[97],"both,":[99],"spherical":[100],"hyperbolic":[102],"trilateration.":[103],"location":[105],"only":[107],"three":[108],"test":[109,122],"points":[110,123],"must":[111],"known":[113],"priori,":[115],"while":[116],"position":[118],"other":[121],"can":[124],"unknown.":[126],"Furthermore,":[127],"describes":[130],"procedure":[132],"estimate":[134],"optimal":[136,167],"positions,":[137],"approximate":[139],"areas":[140],"coverage":[143],"zone,":[144],"where":[145],"test-points":[147,168],"necessary":[148],"ultrasonic":[152],"should":[154],"placed.":[156],"Simulation":[157],"experimental":[159],"results":[160],"show":[161],"improvement":[163],"achieved":[164],"when":[165],"these":[166],"used":[170],"instead":[171],"randomly":[173],"selected":[174],"ones.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}