{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2146231048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s111009242","title":"Design of a Covert RFID Tag Network for Target Discovery and Target Information Routing","display_name":"Design of a Covert RFID Tag Network for Target Discovery and Target Information Routing","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2146231048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s111009242","mag":"2146231048","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22163693"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s111009242","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s111009242","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/10/9242/pdf?version=1403316189","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/10/9242/pdf?version=1403316189","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083601691","display_name":"Qihe Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qihe Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 6802, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 6802, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070841724","display_name":"Ram M. Narayanan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ram M. Narayanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 6802, USA","Institute for Computational and Data Sciences (ICDS)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2702","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 6802, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Computational and Data Sciences (ICDS)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070841724"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.0275,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81714352,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"10","first_page":"9242","last_page":"9259"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency-identification","display_name":"Radio-frequency identification","score":0.7898021936416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.685247004032135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.6852428913116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.6013343334197998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.490906298160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4824014902114868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.41715437173843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.35661381483078003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2261175811290741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18524590134620667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204222849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104954","display_name":"Radio-frequency identification","level":2,"score":0.7898021936416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.685247004032135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.6852428913116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.6013343334197998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.490906298160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4824014902114868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.41715437173843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.35661381483078003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2261175811290741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18524590134620667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003195","descriptor_name":"Computer Communication Networks","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003195","descriptor_name":"Computer Communication Networks","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003195","descriptor_name":"Computer Communication Networks","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033181","descriptor_name":"Information Dissemination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D033181","descriptor_name":"Information Dissemination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D033181","descriptor_name":"Information Dissemination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057233","descriptor_name":"Radio Frequency Identification Device","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057233","descriptor_name":"Radio Frequency Identification Device","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057233","descriptor_name":"Radio Frequency Identification Device","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s111009242","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s111009242","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/10/9242/pdf?version=1403316189","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22163693","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22163693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b91f418d059943989df70c0c4b78f110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b91f418d059943989df70c0c4b78f110","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 11, Iss 10, Pp 9242-9259 (2011)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2240460","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3231280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s111009242","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s111009242","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/10/9242/pdf?version=1403316189","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1523888516","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5809100787","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7090116110","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332467","funder_display_name":"U.S. Air Force"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332467","display_name":"U.S. Air Force","ror":"https://ror.org/006gmme17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2146231048.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2146231048.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14705095","https://openalex.org/W1479863711","https://openalex.org/W1509214789","https://openalex.org/W1539766075","https://openalex.org/W1962669068","https://openalex.org/W1964019102","https://openalex.org/W1970961603","https://openalex.org/W1971036187","https://openalex.org/W2019854717","https://openalex.org/W2036877445","https://openalex.org/W2037156716","https://openalex.org/W2044676049","https://openalex.org/W2101956636","https://openalex.org/W2103904714","https://openalex.org/W2104322844","https://openalex.org/W2107568926","https://openalex.org/W2124902352","https://openalex.org/W2125454871","https://openalex.org/W2129858587","https://openalex.org/W2137300866","https://openalex.org/W2142979562","https://openalex.org/W2150388519","https://openalex.org/W2153707273","https://openalex.org/W3027187636","https://openalex.org/W3145246586","https://openalex.org/W3146637754","https://openalex.org/W4242246086"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2523525694","https://openalex.org/W2998642566","https://openalex.org/W2392682561","https://openalex.org/W57793151","https://openalex.org/W2727423897","https://openalex.org/W2497612952","https://openalex.org/W4247948804","https://openalex.org/W2804882289","https://openalex.org/W2392053643","https://openalex.org/W2595182909"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radio":[0],"frequency":[1,13],"identification":[2],"(RFID)":[3],"tags":[4,77,86],"are":[5,34,161],"small":[6],"electronic":[7],"devices":[8],"working":[9],"in":[10,37,72,87],"the":[11,27,63,73,84,88,91,98,130,144,149,158,168,171],"radio":[12,18],"range.":[14],"They":[15],"use":[16],"wireless":[17],"communications":[19],"to":[20,97],"automatically":[21],"identify":[22],"objects":[23],"or":[24,31,67],"people":[25],"without":[26],"need":[28],"for":[29,55],"line-of-sight":[30],"contact,":[32],"and":[33,58,83,94,138,140,155],"widely":[35],"used":[36],"inventory":[38],"tracking,":[39],"object":[40],"location,":[41],"environmental":[42],"monitoring.":[43],"This":[44],"paper":[45],"presents":[46],"a":[47,50,65,79,117],"design":[48,154],"of":[49,75,103,157,170],"covert":[51],"RFID":[52,76,85,105,118,125,150],"tag":[53,119,151],"network":[54,89],"target":[56,59,71,92,131,136],"discovery":[57],"information":[60,93,132,145],"routing.":[61],"In":[62],"design,":[64],"static":[66],"very":[68],"slowly":[69],"moving":[70],"field":[74],"transmits":[78],"distinct":[80],"pseudo-noise":[81],"signal,":[82],"collect":[90],"route":[95],"it":[96],"command":[99,111],"center.":[100],"A":[101],"map":[102],"each":[104,124],"tag's":[106,126],"location":[107],"is":[108,120],"saved":[109],"at":[110],"center,":[112],"which":[113],"can":[114],"determine":[115],"where":[116],"located":[121],"based":[122],"on":[123],"ID.":[127],"We":[128],"propose":[129,143],"collection":[133],"method":[134],"with":[135],"association":[137],"clustering,":[139],"we":[141],"also":[142],"routing":[146],"algorithm":[147],"within":[148],"network.":[152],"The":[153],"operation":[156],"proposed":[159],"algorithms":[160],"illustrated":[162],"through":[163],"examples.":[164],"Simulation":[165],"results":[166],"demonstrate":[167],"effectiveness":[169],"design.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}