{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2028242630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s110505087","title":"Protein Biosensors Based on Polymer Nanowires, Carbon Nanotubes and Zinc Oxide Nanorods","display_name":"Protein Biosensors Based on Polymer Nanowires, Carbon Nanotubes and Zinc Oxide Nanorods","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2028242630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s110505087","mag":"2028242630","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22163892"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s110505087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s110505087","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/5/5087/pdf?version=1403315006","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/5/5087/pdf?version=1403315006","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050504370","display_name":"Anish Kumar M.","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anish Kumar M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microelectronics Photonics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microelectronics Photonics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100879559","display_name":"Soyoun Jung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soyoun Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031154283","display_name":"Taeksoo Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4748-9141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Taeksoo Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA","Microelectronics Photonics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microelectronics Photonics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031154283"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":4.0094,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94587888,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"5","first_page":"5087","last_page":"5111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10074","display_name":"Carbon Nanotubes in Composites","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10074","display_name":"Carbon Nanotubes in Composites","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10212","display_name":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanorod","display_name":"Nanorod","score":0.8615188598632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosensor","display_name":"Biosensor","score":0.861204981803894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.854863703250885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanowire","display_name":"Nanowire","score":0.7503848671913147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanomaterials","display_name":"Nanomaterials","score":0.7275917530059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.7012131810188293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-nanotube","display_name":"Carbon nanotube","score":0.6737862229347229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanostructure","display_name":"Nanostructure","score":0.6282933950424194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fabrication","display_name":"Fabrication","score":0.454760879278183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc","display_name":"Zinc","score":0.41091233491897583}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126201875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2684948","display_name":"Nanorod","level":2,"score":0.8615188598632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160756335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q669391","display_name":"Biosensor","level":2,"score":0.861204981803894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.854863703250885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74214498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631739","display_name":"Nanowire","level":2,"score":0.7503848671913147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138631740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967847","display_name":"Nanomaterials","level":2,"score":0.7275917530059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7012131810188293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513720949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778729","display_name":"Carbon nanotube","level":2,"score":0.6737862229347229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186187911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093894","display_name":"Nanostructure","level":2,"score":0.6282933950424194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.454760879278183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535196362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q758","display_name":"Zinc","level":2,"score":0.41091233491897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004563","descriptor_name":"Electrochemistry","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004563","descriptor_name":"Electrochemistry","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004563","descriptor_name":"Electrochemistry","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011108","descriptor_name":"Polymers","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011108","descriptor_name":"Polymers","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011108","descriptor_name":"Polymers","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015034","descriptor_name":"Zinc Oxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015034","descriptor_name":"Zinc Oxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015034","descriptor_name":"Zinc Oxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D036103","descriptor_name":"Nanotechnology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D036103","descriptor_name":"Nanotechnology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D036103","descriptor_name":"Nanotechnology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D037742","descriptor_name":"Nanotubes, Carbon","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D037742","descriptor_name":"Nanotubes, Carbon","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D037742","descriptor_name":"Nanotubes, Carbon","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D043942","descriptor_name":"Nanotubes","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D043942","descriptor_name":"Nanotubes","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D043942","descriptor_name":"Nanotubes","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053770","descriptor_name":"Nanowires","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053770","descriptor_name":"Nanowires","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053770","descriptor_name":"Nanowires","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s110505087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s110505087","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/5/5087/pdf?version=1403315006","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22163892","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22163892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:63583d80a5974eb18b653d8a293d640e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/63583d80a5974eb18b653d8a293d640e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 11, Iss 5, Pp 5087-5111 (2011)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2240546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3231366","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/11/5/5087/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s110505087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 11; Issue 5; Pages: 5087-5111","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s110505087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s110505087","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/5/5087/pdf?version=1403315006","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2028242630.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":99,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532669891","https://openalex.org/W1547730440","https://openalex.org/W1583426489","https://openalex.org/W1930404622","https://openalex.org/W1938399794","https://openalex.org/W1966919959","https://openalex.org/W1970126776","https://openalex.org/W1971058853","https://openalex.org/W1971469232","https://openalex.org/W1972024716","https://openalex.org/W1972411182","https://openalex.org/W1976378612","https://openalex.org/W1980516378","https://openalex.org/W1981752181","https://openalex.org/W1981825279","https://openalex.org/W1982553153","https://openalex.org/W1982822058","https://openalex.org/W1984146578","https://openalex.org/W1984495833","https://openalex.org/W1985827703","https://openalex.org/W1987416224","https://openalex.org/W1987850598","https://openalex.org/W1988069848","https://openalex.org/W1988497400","https://openalex.org/W1988966458","https://openalex.org/W1989522556","https://openalex.org/W1989856919","https://openalex.org/W1990239471","https://openalex.org/W1992204699","https://openalex.org/W1993503203","https://openalex.org/W1995355016","https://openalex.org/W1996322474","https://openalex.org/W1997786315","https://openalex.org/W2004136660","https://openalex.org/W2004563207","https://openalex.org/W2011181449","https://openalex.org/W2011922821","https://openalex.org/W2012642293","https://openalex.org/W2015248366","https://openalex.org/W2018664696","https://openalex.org/W2019123356","https://openalex.org/W2024535875","https://openalex.org/W2025117053","https://openalex.org/W2025696327","https://openalex.org/W2025744876","https://openalex.org/W2029380443","https://openalex.org/W2030496130","https://openalex.org/W2038418264","https://openalex.org/W2038936542","https://openalex.org/W2045750890","https://openalex.org/W2047109286","https://openalex.org/W2049759834","https://openalex.org/W2054280988","https://openalex.org/W2055307846","https://openalex.org/W2056048703","https://openalex.org/W2056225348","https://openalex.org/W2059214500","https://openalex.org/W2059435933","https://openalex.org/W2059691866","https://openalex.org/W2062763557","https://openalex.org/W2062985211","https://openalex.org/W2064501212","https://openalex.org/W2071925616","https://openalex.org/W2072659900","https://openalex.org/W2072756075","https://openalex.org/W2074119755","https://openalex.org/W2076531590","https://openalex.org/W2082195915","https://openalex.org/W2082904789","https://openalex.org/W2083550969","https://openalex.org/W2085616713","https://openalex.org/W2086754387","https://openalex.org/W2086959357","https://openalex.org/W2089776731","https://openalex.org/W2090541794","https://openalex.org/W2090869122","https://openalex.org/W2094912276","https://openalex.org/W2094963548","https://openalex.org/W2095812194","https://openalex.org/W2104242216","https://openalex.org/W2111703468","https://openalex.org/W2120485700","https://openalex.org/W2123605247","https://openalex.org/W2132872911","https://openalex.org/W2132937854","https://openalex.org/W2135331413","https://openalex.org/W2137451617","https://openalex.org/W2143894175","https://openalex.org/W2146051818","https://openalex.org/W2153319955","https://openalex.org/W2160154234","https://openalex.org/W2163908811","https://openalex.org/W2164370375","https://openalex.org/W2167920967","https://openalex.org/W2171134930","https://openalex.org/W2324181699","https://openalex.org/W2934028444","https://openalex.org/W6634787568","https://openalex.org/W6683446221"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116374097","https://openalex.org/W126867172","https://openalex.org/W1981582766","https://openalex.org/W3116316943","https://openalex.org/W1988792114","https://openalex.org/W3186403991","https://openalex.org/W2003891008","https://openalex.org/W2315066450","https://openalex.org/W2091748147","https://openalex.org/W1983814657"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,32],"development":[1,144],"of":[2,14,22,30,34,41,75,106,109,115,120,145,149,155,161,189],"biosensors":[3,169,201],"using":[4,27],"electrochemical":[5],"methods":[6,165],"is":[7],"a":[8],"promising":[9],"application":[10],"in":[11,113,135,142],"the":[12,20,35,39,45,104,143,156,168,178,190],"field":[13],"biotechnology.":[15],"High":[16],"sensitivity":[17],"sensors":[18,36],"for":[19,64,103,133,176,202],"bio-detection":[21],"proteins":[23],"have":[24,61,78,99],"been":[25,100],"developed":[26,172],"several":[28],"kinds":[29,74],"nanomaterials.":[31],"performance":[33,88,112],"depends":[37],"on":[38],"type":[40],"nanostructures":[42,76,107,157,180],"with":[43,85],"which":[44,167],"biomaterials":[46,150],"interact.":[47],"One":[48],"dimensional":[49],"(1-D)":[50],"structures":[51],"such":[52,92],"as":[53,89,93],"nanowires,":[54,126],"nanotubes":[55,128],"and":[56,96,118,129,158],"nanorods":[57,132],"are":[58,181],"proven":[59],"to":[60,199],"high":[62],"potential":[63],"bio-applications.":[65],"In":[66],"this":[67,136],"paper":[68],"we":[69,123,184],"review":[70],"these":[71],"three":[72,140,179],"different":[73,164],"that":[77],"attracted":[79],"much":[80],"attention":[81],"at":[82,173],"recent":[83],"times":[84],"their":[86,110],"great":[87],"biosensors.":[90],"Materials":[91],"polymers,":[94],"carbon":[95,127],"zinc":[97,130],"oxide":[98,131],"widely":[101],"used":[102],"fabrication":[105,148],"because":[108],"enhanced":[111],"terms":[114],"sensitivity,":[116],"biocompatibility,":[117],"ease":[119],"preparation.":[121],"Thus":[122],"consider":[124,139],"polymer":[125],"discussion":[134],"paper.":[137],"We":[138],"stages":[141],"biosensors:":[146],"(a)":[147],"into":[151],"nanostructures,":[152],"(b)":[153],"alignment":[154],"(c)":[159],"immobilization":[160],"proteins.":[162],"Two":[163],"by":[166,186,194],"can":[170],"be":[171],"each":[174],"stage":[175],"all":[177],"examined.":[182],"Finally,":[183],"conclude":[185],"mentioning":[187],"some":[188],"major":[191],"challenges":[192],"faced":[193],"many":[195],"researchers":[196],"who":[197],"seek":[198],"fabricate":[200],"real":[203],"time":[204],"applications.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
