{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1982301524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s110302875","title":"Multi-Hop Routing-Based Optimization of the Number of Cluster-Heads in Wireless Sensor Networks","display_name":"Multi-Hop Routing-Based Optimization of the Number of Cluster-Heads in Wireless Sensor Networks","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1982301524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s110302875","mag":"1982301524","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22163771"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s110302875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s110302875","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/3/2875/pdf?version=1403314430","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/3/2875/pdf?version=1403314430","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027942409","display_name":"Choon Sung Nam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Choon Sung Nam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-774, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-774, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108201457","display_name":"Young Shin Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young Shin Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-774, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-774, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069214492","display_name":"Dong Ryeol Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-1415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dong Ryeol Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-774, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-774, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069214492"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.3265,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92024833,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"2875","last_page":"2884"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.8304920196533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6523326635360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6478047370910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution-in-wireless-sensor-networks","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","score":0.6451430320739746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6145724654197693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6144387125968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5506529211997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Mobile wireless sensor network","score":0.4845113158226013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.48177191615104675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.45344218611717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.38740670680999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.2891871929168701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2102348804473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.12624257802963257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11661127209663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.07752436399459839}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.8304920196533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6523326635360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6478047370910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.6451430320739746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6145724654197693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6144387125968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5506529211997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7091991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17149548","display_name":"Mobile wireless sensor network","level":5,"score":0.4845113158226013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.48177191615104675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.45344218611717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.38740670680999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.2891871929168701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2102348804473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.12624257802963257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11661127209663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07752436399459839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003195","descriptor_name":"Computer Communication Networks","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003195","descriptor_name":"Computer Communication Networks","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003195","descriptor_name":"Computer Communication Networks","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013816","descriptor_name":"Thermodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013816","descriptor_name":"Thermodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013816","descriptor_name":"Thermodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s110302875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s110302875","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/3/2875/pdf?version=1403314430","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22163771","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22163771","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ea475c72905d4d43a14e00bad3693171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ea475c72905d4d43a14e00bad3693171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 11, Iss 3, Pp 2875-2884 (2011)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2240715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3231600","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s110302875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s110302875","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/3/2875/pdf?version=1403314430","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321640","display_name":"Ministry of Knowledge Economy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322349","display_name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01p262204"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1982301524.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1982301524.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595280405","https://openalex.org/W657148869","https://openalex.org/W1918250237","https://openalex.org/W2034259495","https://openalex.org/W2099448229","https://openalex.org/W2104846640","https://openalex.org/W2106784692","https://openalex.org/W2113829484","https://openalex.org/W2125024604","https://openalex.org/W2130403046","https://openalex.org/W2142868546","https://openalex.org/W2155492251","https://openalex.org/W2155731351","https://openalex.org/W2165510626"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W917005982","https://openalex.org/W590203105","https://openalex.org/W2001566400","https://openalex.org/W4309995761","https://openalex.org/W2148549110","https://openalex.org/W2010136232","https://openalex.org/W1596940136","https://openalex.org/W1975451135","https://openalex.org/W2144844010","https://openalex.org/W2295628284"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"sensor":[1,9,61,115,132,153,175],"networks":[2,154],"require":[3],"energy-efficient":[4,20],"data":[5,32,39],"transmission":[6,58],"because":[7],"the":[8,57,88,128,139,149,158,162,168],"nodes":[10,62],"have":[11,52],"limited":[12],"power.":[13],"A":[14],"cluster-based":[15],"routing":[16,24,112],"method":[17,25],"is":[18,63,70,85],"more":[19],"than":[21],"a":[22,42,45,120,125],"flat":[23],"as":[26],"it":[27],"can":[28,166],"only":[29],"send":[30,144],"specific":[31],"for":[33,138],"user":[34],"requirements":[35],"and":[36,66,75,145,147],"aggregate":[37],"similar":[38],"by":[40,124],"dividing":[41],"network":[43],"into":[44],"local":[46,77,121],"cluster.":[47],"However,":[48],"previous":[49],"clustering":[50,84],"algorithms":[51],"some":[53],"problems":[54],"in":[55,113,173],"that":[56,119],"radius":[59],"of":[60,90,107,131,141,152,160,171],"not":[64,71],"realistic":[65],"multi-hop":[67,111],"based":[68,82,109],"communication":[69],"used":[72],"both":[73],"inside":[74],"outside":[76],"clusters.":[78],"As":[79],"energy":[80,129,150,163],"consumption":[81,130,151],"on":[83,87,110],"dependent":[86],"number":[89,106,140,170],"clusters,":[91],"we":[92,102,165],"need":[93],"to":[94,143],"know":[95],"how":[96],"many":[97],"clusters":[98],"are":[99],"best.":[100],"Thus,":[101],"propose":[103],"an":[104,136],"optimal":[105,169],"cluster-heads":[108,172],"wireless":[114,174],"networks.":[116,176],"We":[117,134],"observe":[118],"cluster":[122],"made":[123],"cluster-head":[126],"influences":[127],"nodes.":[133],"determined":[135],"equation":[137],"packets":[142],"relay,":[146],"calculated":[148],"using":[155],"it.":[156],"Through":[157],"process":[159],"calculating":[161],"consumption,":[164],"obtain":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}