{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1992398823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s100807576","title":"Detecting Abnormal Vehicular Dynamics at Intersections Based on an Unsupervised Learning Approach and a Stochastic Model","display_name":"Detecting Abnormal Vehicular Dynamics at Intersections Based on an Unsupervised Learning Approach and a Stochastic Model","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1992398823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s100807576","mag":"1992398823","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22163616"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s100807576","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s100807576","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/10/8/7576/pdf?version=1403312864","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/10/8/7576/pdf?version=1403312864","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083401390","display_name":"Hugo Jim\u00e9nez\u2010Hern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0827-6645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117848","display_name":"Center for Engineering and Industrial Development","ror":"https://ror.org/03cf87p34","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117848","https://openalex.org/I4210163111"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hugo Jim\u00e9nez-Hern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de Ingenier\u00eda y Desarrollo Industrial, Av. Pie de la Cuesta No. 702, Desarrollo San Pablo, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Ingenier\u00eda y Desarrollo Industrial, Av. Pie de la Cuesta No. 702, Desarrollo San Pablo, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045056736","display_name":"Jos\u00e9\u2010Joel Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Barbosa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6720-8282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138439","display_name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Materiales Avanzados","ror":"https://ror.org/03h954e30","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138439"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose-Joel Gonz\u00e1lez-Barbosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnolog\u00eda Avanzada. Cerro Blanco No. 141. Col. Colinas del Cimatario, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnolog\u00eda Avanzada. Cerro Blanco No. 141. Col. Colinas del Cimatario, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138439"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087976655","display_name":"Teresa Garcia-Ram\u00edrez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157492648","display_name":"Autonomous University of Queretaro","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8fdc16","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157492648"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teresa Garcia-Ram\u00edrez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro. Cerro de las Campanas s/n. Cerro de las Campanas, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro. Cerro de las Campanas s/n. Cerro de las Campanas, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157492648"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083401390"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117848"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.7451,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85333812,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"8","first_page":"7576","last_page":"7601"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6383710503578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.5578535199165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.5409762263298035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.5187333226203918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5156242251396179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4942915439605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-modelling","display_name":"Stochastic modelling","score":0.4906105101108551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.45462656021118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35891658067703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.31293076276779175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17438018321990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17413166165351868}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6383710503578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5578535199165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5409762263298035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.5187333226203918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5156242251396179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4942915439605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127491075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617825","display_name":"Stochastic modelling","level":2,"score":0.4906105101108551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.45462656021118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35891658067703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.31293076276779175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17438018321990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17413166165351868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001330","descriptor_name":"Electronic Data Processing","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001330","descriptor_name":"Electronic Data Processing","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001330","descriptor_name":"Electronic Data Processing","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013269","descriptor_name":"Stochastic Processes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013269","descriptor_name":"Stochastic Processes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013269","descriptor_name":"Stochastic Processes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018986","descriptor_name":"Motor Vehicles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018986","descriptor_name":"Motor Vehicles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018986","descriptor_name":"Motor Vehicles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s100807576","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s100807576","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/10/8/7576/pdf?version=1403312864","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22163616","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22163616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b9c948ec60df4da9b52ad4ca0e67f33e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b9c948ec60df4da9b52ad4ca0e67f33e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 10, Iss 8, Pp 7576-7601 (2010)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2240352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3231172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/10/8/7576/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s100807576","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s100807576","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s100807576","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/10/8/7576/pdf?version=1403312864","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1992398823.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1992398823.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W134990542","https://openalex.org/W1509820811","https://openalex.org/W1561442812","https://openalex.org/W1573706465","https://openalex.org/W1576808520","https://openalex.org/W1616983488","https://openalex.org/W1634660105","https://openalex.org/W1657705490","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2010942916","https://openalex.org/W2034997783","https://openalex.org/W2041404167","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2086699924","https://openalex.org/W2096343094","https://openalex.org/W2115213191","https://openalex.org/W2118877769","https://openalex.org/W2127893047","https://openalex.org/W2130103520","https://openalex.org/W2154330368","https://openalex.org/W2161874168","https://openalex.org/W2222124350","https://openalex.org/W2296349981","https://openalex.org/W2505399031","https://openalex.org/W2567782165","https://openalex.org/W2796505468","https://openalex.org/W3003662786","https://openalex.org/W6634460420","https://openalex.org/W6636507665","https://openalex.org/W6659445182","https://openalex.org/W6681801840","https://openalex.org/W6682769653","https://openalex.org/W6683609320","https://openalex.org/W6688921415"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053269318","https://openalex.org/W2364370872","https://openalex.org/W2097963413","https://openalex.org/W2025614924","https://openalex.org/W2294335174","https://openalex.org/W3145575561","https://openalex.org/W2995886640","https://openalex.org/W1591475660","https://openalex.org/W2001275470","https://openalex.org/W2164162849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"investigation":[1],"demonstrates":[2],"an":[3],"unsupervised":[4],"approach":[5,22,68,103,144],"for":[6,148],"modeling":[7],"traffic":[8,118,127],"flow":[9,119],"and":[10,24,39,120,139],"detecting":[11],"abnormal":[12,75],"vehicle":[13],"behaviors":[14],"at":[15],"intersections.":[16],"In":[17,50],"the":[18,21,26,30,35,41,51,57,87,99,117,126,133,136,140,143],"first":[19],"stage,":[20,53],"reveals":[23],"records":[25],"different":[27],"states":[28,33,94],"of":[29,37,44,56,86,93,109,142],"system.":[31],"These":[32],"are":[34,129],"result":[36],"coding":[38],"grouping":[40],"historical":[42],"motion":[43,78],"vehicles":[45],"as":[46,83],"long":[47],"binary":[48],"strings.":[49],"second":[52],"using":[54],"sequences":[55,108],"recorded":[58],"states,":[59],"a":[60,66,90,113],"stochastic":[61,100],"graph":[62],"model":[63],"based":[64],"on":[65],"Markovian":[67],"is":[69,73,104],"built.":[70],"A":[71],"behavior":[72],"labeled":[74],"when":[76],"current":[77],"pattern":[79],"cannot":[80,95],"be":[81,96],"recognized":[82],"any":[84],"state":[85],"system":[88],"or":[89],"particular":[91],"sequence":[92],"parsed":[97],"with":[98,106,125],"model.":[101],"The":[102],"tested":[105],"several":[107],"images":[110],"acquired":[111],"from":[112],"vehicular":[114],"intersection":[115],"where":[116],"duration":[121],"used":[122],"in":[123,150],"connection":[124],"lights":[128],"continuously":[130],"changed":[131],"throughout":[132],"day.":[134],"Finally,":[135],"low":[137],"complexity":[138],"flexibility":[141],"make":[145],"it":[146],"reliable":[147],"use":[149],"real":[151],"time":[152],"systems.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}