{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2164996743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s100504602","title":"Intelligent Gearbox Diagnosis Methods Based on SVM, Wavelet Lifting and RBR","display_name":"Intelligent Gearbox Diagnosis Methods Based on SVM, Wavelet Lifting and RBR","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2164996743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s100504602","mag":"2164996743","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22399894"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s100504602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s100504602","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/10/5/4602/pdf?version=1403312446","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/10/5/4602/pdf?version=1403312446","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019000951","display_name":"Lixin Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9017-5132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lixin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100124, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100124, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085254353","display_name":"Zhiqiang Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100124, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100124, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048868707","display_name":"Wenliang Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenliang Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100124, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100124, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100779575","display_name":"Huaqing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5333-0829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75390827","display_name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00df5yc52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huaqing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101872345","display_name":"Peng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6276-1356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178574317","display_name":"Mie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01529vy56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178574317"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178574317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100779575"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":6.9253,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96317731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"5","first_page":"4602","last_page":"4621"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11062","display_name":"Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13891","display_name":"Engineering Diagnostics and Reliability","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7800406217575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.7132574319839478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6600427031517029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5753759741783142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5165092349052429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48790499567985535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.44172215461730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-packet-decomposition","display_name":"Wavelet packet decomposition","score":0.4408881366252899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3707994818687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.36005738377571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.26061511039733887}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7800406217575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.7132574319839478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6600427031517029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5753759741783142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5165092349052429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48790499567985535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.44172215461730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155777637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2736187","display_name":"Wavelet packet decomposition","level":4,"score":0.4408881366252899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3707994818687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36005738377571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.26061511039733887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s100504602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s100504602","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/10/5/4602/pdf?version=1403312446","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22399894","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22399894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9eeadfe0c5a141f5b4e43b3ba7907c5d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9eeadfe0c5a141f5b4e43b3ba7907c5d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 10, Iss 5, Pp 4602-4621 (2010)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2305637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3292134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/10/5/4602/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s100504602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 10; Issue 5; Pages: 4602-4621","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s100504602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s100504602","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/10/5/4602/pdf?version=1403312446","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2164996743.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2164996743.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W119132382","https://openalex.org/W1995352662","https://openalex.org/W2024015634","https://openalex.org/W2028975772","https://openalex.org/W2085768362","https://openalex.org/W2117188745","https://openalex.org/W2144047335","https://openalex.org/W2335898995","https://openalex.org/W2363956255","https://openalex.org/W2377020644","https://openalex.org/W2377405594","https://openalex.org/W2381971385","https://openalex.org/W2394216941","https://openalex.org/W7028491714"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245508182","https://openalex.org/W2001666425","https://openalex.org/W2046633342","https://openalex.org/W2358883208","https://openalex.org/W2370050053","https://openalex.org/W2372936409","https://openalex.org/W53954450","https://openalex.org/W2365287829","https://openalex.org/W2389645710","https://openalex.org/W2379553594"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Given":[0],"the":[1,13,27,61,65,78,92,126,131,135,140,144,147,154,162,182,188,205],"problems":[2],"in":[3,108],"intelligent":[4],"gearbox":[5,33,82,177,222],"diagnosis":[6],"methods,":[7],"it":[8,53],"is":[9,54,171,185],"difficult":[10],"to":[11,22,59,160,175,203],"obtain":[12],"desired":[14],"information":[15],"and":[16,44,91,102,112,197,217],"a":[17,39,49,72,172,210],"large":[18],"enough":[19],"sample":[20,183],"size":[21,184],"study;":[23],"therefore,":[24],"we":[25],"propose":[26],"application":[28],"of":[29,96,134,143],"various":[30],"methods":[31],"for":[32,57,77,110],"fault":[34,66,141,164,178,195,207,223],"diagnosis,":[35],"including":[36],"wavelet":[37,88,120,189,215],"lifting,":[38],"support":[40],"vector":[41],"machine":[42],"(SVM)":[43],"rule-based":[45,198,218],"reasoning":[46,199,219],"(RBR).":[47],"In":[48],"complex":[50],"field":[51,155],"environment,":[52],"less":[55],"likely":[56],"machines":[58],"have":[60,167],"same":[62],"fault;":[63,136],"moreover,":[64],"features":[67],"can":[68,192,200],"also":[69],"vary.":[70],"Therefore,":[71,209],"SVM":[73,109,170],"could":[74,122],"be":[75,201],"used":[76,103,202],"initial":[79],"diagnosis.":[80,224],"First,":[81],"vibration":[83],"signals":[84,128],"were":[85,100],"processed":[86],"with":[87],"packet":[89],"decomposition,":[90],"signal":[93],"energy":[94],"coefficients":[95],"each":[97],"frequency":[98,142],"band":[99],"extracted":[101],"as":[104],"input":[105],"feature":[106],"vectors":[107],"normal":[111],"faulty":[113],"pattern":[114,179],"recognition.":[115],"Second,":[116],"precision":[117],"analysis":[118],"using":[119],"lifting":[121,190,216],"successfully":[123],"filter":[124],"out":[125],"noisy":[127],"while":[129],"maintaining":[130],"impulse":[132],"characteristics":[133],"thus":[137],"effectively":[138,193],"extracting":[139],"machine.":[145],"Lastly,":[146],"knowledge":[148],"base":[149],"was":[150],"built":[151],"based":[152],"on":[153],"rules":[156],"summarized":[157],"by":[158],"experts":[159],"identify":[161,204],"detailed":[163,206],"type.":[165,208],"Results":[166],"shown":[168],"that":[169,212],"powerful":[173],"tool":[174],"accomplish":[176],"recognition":[180],"when":[181],"small,":[186],"whereas":[187],"scheme":[191],"extract":[194],"features,":[196],"method":[211],"combines":[213],"SVM,":[214],"ensures":[220],"effective":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}