{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007808596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s100301871","title":"Raman Spectroscopy and Related Techniques in Biomedicine","display_name":"Raman Spectroscopy and Related Techniques in Biomedicine","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007808596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s100301871","mag":"2007808596","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21151763"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s100301871","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s100301871","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/10/3/1871/pdf?version=1403312213","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/10/3/1871/pdf?version=1403312213","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030138345","display_name":"Andrew Downes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9750-3143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Downes","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK","School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049678270","display_name":"Alistair Elfick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4429-6232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alistair Elfick","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030138345"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":9.9871,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":213,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97612593,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"1871","last_page":"1889"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10131","display_name":"Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raman-spectroscopy","display_name":"Raman spectroscopy","score":0.9177291393280029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microscopy","display_name":"Microscopy","score":0.6924486756324768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroscopy","display_name":"Spectroscopy","score":0.6429506540298462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.48821476101875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4808100461959839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microscope","display_name":"Microscope","score":0.4304386377334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherent-anti-stokes-raman-spectroscopy","display_name":"Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy","score":0.42326152324676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/near-infrared-spectroscopy","display_name":"Near-infrared spectroscopy","score":0.42043158411979675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.41691720485687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raman-scattering","display_name":"Raman scattering","score":0.35525333881378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.35444051027297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.3279925584793091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13487836718559265}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40003534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862228","display_name":"Raman spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.9177291393280029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147080431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953","display_name":"Microscopy","level":2,"score":0.6924486756324768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.6429506540298462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.48821476101875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4808100461959839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67649825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196538","display_name":"Microscope","level":2,"score":0.4304386377334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205309187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903528","display_name":"Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy","level":4,"score":0.42326152324676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43571822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599037","display_name":"Near-infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.42043158411979675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.41691720485687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169573571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466824","display_name":"Raman scattering","level":3,"score":0.35525333881378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.35444051027297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3279925584793091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13487836718559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006651","descriptor_name":"Histocytochemistry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006651","descriptor_name":"Histocytochemistry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006651","descriptor_name":"Histocytochemistry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006651","descriptor_name":"Histocytochemistry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006651","descriptor_name":"Histocytochemistry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008853","descriptor_name":"Microscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008853","descriptor_name":"Microscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008853","descriptor_name":"Microscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008853","descriptor_name":"Microscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008853","descriptor_name":"Microscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013059","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis, Raman","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013059","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis, Raman","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013059","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis, Raman","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013059","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis, Raman","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013059","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis, Raman","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D045744","descriptor_name":"Cell Line, Tumor","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D045744","descriptor_name":"Cell Line, Tumor","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D045744","descriptor_name":"Cell Line, Tumor","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D045744","descriptor_name":"Cell Line, Tumor","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D045744","descriptor_name":"Cell Line, Tumor","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059010","descriptor_name":"Single-Cell Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059010","descriptor_name":"Single-Cell Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059010","descriptor_name":"Single-Cell Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059010","descriptor_name":"Single-Cell Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059010","descriptor_name":"Single-Cell Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s100301871","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s100301871","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/10/3/1871/pdf?version=1403312213","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21151763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21151763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d4de5e57bdb94e6d9759c7b6b50104c0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d4de5e57bdb94e6d9759c7b6b50104c0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 10, Iss 3, Pp 1871-1889 (2010)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/10/3/1871/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s100301871","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 10; Issue 3; Pages: 1871-1889","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3000600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3000600","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s100301871","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s100301871","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/10/3/1871/pdf?version=1403312213","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7154304745","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/E007864/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320240","display_name":"Research Councils UK","ror":"https://ror.org/00dq2kk65"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2007808596.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2007808596.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W152458149","https://openalex.org/W1891609328","https://openalex.org/W1963638325","https://openalex.org/W1964626182","https://openalex.org/W1975749437","https://openalex.org/W1977287842","https://openalex.org/W1977556410","https://openalex.org/W1979053768","https://openalex.org/W1980822064","https://openalex.org/W1982250038","https://openalex.org/W1985369970","https://openalex.org/W1987046316","https://openalex.org/W1990483166","https://openalex.org/W1992591531","https://openalex.org/W1992940288","https://openalex.org/W1993047667","https://openalex.org/W1995023036","https://openalex.org/W1999173254","https://openalex.org/W2008111093","https://openalex.org/W2008976586","https://openalex.org/W2009052398","https://openalex.org/W2015282129","https://openalex.org/W2016381774","https://openalex.org/W2017411385","https://openalex.org/W2021238032","https://openalex.org/W2039083431","https://openalex.org/W2041532725","https://openalex.org/W2044203059","https://openalex.org/W2044741132","https://openalex.org/W2046950571","https://openalex.org/W2050103929","https://openalex.org/W2054235421","https://openalex.org/W2060488521","https://openalex.org/W2060519194","https://openalex.org/W2060654966","https://openalex.org/W2062173957","https://openalex.org/W2063291201","https://openalex.org/W2067335193","https://openalex.org/W2069515506","https://openalex.org/W2069815881","https://openalex.org/W2070115914","https://openalex.org/W2075706275","https://openalex.org/W2079818745","https://openalex.org/W2081864616","https://openalex.org/W2085522293","https://openalex.org/W2085523742","https://openalex.org/W2091790925","https://openalex.org/W2092982737","https://openalex.org/W2100072622","https://openalex.org/W2103341993","https://openalex.org/W2104460891","https://openalex.org/W2106170839","https://openalex.org/W2110297009","https://openalex.org/W2110489045","https://openalex.org/W2115318086","https://openalex.org/W2118658883","https://openalex.org/W2121612191","https://openalex.org/W2126684263","https://openalex.org/W2128338860","https://openalex.org/W2135846857","https://openalex.org/W2136456461","https://openalex.org/W2137690179","https://openalex.org/W2140949288","https://openalex.org/W2143386071","https://openalex.org/W2148691803","https://openalex.org/W2152666601","https://openalex.org/W2164602182","https://openalex.org/W2913066018","https://openalex.org/W3145545648","https://openalex.org/W4234368842","https://openalex.org/W6644682428"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999069950","https://openalex.org/W1974401649","https://openalex.org/W2130546979","https://openalex.org/W2036628735","https://openalex.org/W2623621045","https://openalex.org/W4233863327","https://openalex.org/W2019711463","https://openalex.org/W2154302897","https://openalex.org/W2001727795","https://openalex.org/W2795698758"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"review":[2],"we":[3],"describe":[4],"label-free":[5],"optical":[6,92],"spectroscopy":[7,21],"techniques":[8],"which":[9],"are":[10,47,57],"able":[11,58],"to":[12,27,59],"non-invasively":[13],"measure":[14,28],"the":[15,69],"(bio)chemistry":[16],"in":[17,34,65,81,83,89],"biological":[18],"systems.":[19],"Raman":[20,38,43,54],"uses":[22],"visible":[23],"or":[24],"near-infrared":[25],"light":[26],"a":[29],"spectrum":[30],"of":[31,49,73],"vibrational":[32],"bonds":[33],"seconds.":[35,66],"Coherent":[36],"anti-Stokes":[37],"(CARS)":[39],"microscopy":[40,46],"and":[41,56,71,88],"stimulated":[42],"loss":[44],"(SRL)":[45],"orders":[48],"magnitude":[50],"more":[51],"efficient":[52],"than":[53],"spectroscopy,":[55],"acquire":[60],"high":[61],"quality":[62],"chemically-specific":[63],"images":[64],"We":[67],"discuss":[68],"benefits":[70],"limitations":[72],"all":[74],"techniques,":[75],"with":[76],"particular":[77],"emphasis":[78],"on":[79],"applications":[80],"biomedicine--both":[82],"vivo":[84],"(using":[85],"fiber":[86],"endoscopes)":[87],"vitro":[90],"(in":[91],"microscopes).":[93]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}