{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2774322389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9121243","title":"Improved DisTrad for Downscaling Thermal MODIS Imagery over Urban Areas","display_name":"Improved DisTrad for Downscaling Thermal MODIS Imagery over Urban Areas","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2774322389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9121243","mag":"2774322389"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9121243","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9121243","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/12/1243/pdf?version=1512159187","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/12/1243/pdf?version=1512159187","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077477907","display_name":"Wiesam Essa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207527440","display_name":"Al-Aqsa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03e99kh24","country_code":"PS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207527440"]}],"countries":["PS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wiesam Essa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geospatial Data Center for Education, Research and Development (GDC), Al-Aqsa University, Gaza Strip 0970, Palestine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geospatial Data Center for Education, Research and Development (GDC), Al-Aqsa University, Gaza Strip 0970, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207527440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079242474","display_name":"Boud Verbeiren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4545-0051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boud Verbeiren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010338766","display_name":"Johannes van der Kwast","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5352-7541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799973717","display_name":"IHE Delft Institute for Water Education","ror":"https://ror.org/030deh410","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799973717"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Van der Kwast","raw_affiliation_strings":["IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799973717"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015592037","display_name":"Okke Batelaan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1443-6385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169541294","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089492","display_name":"National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training","ror":"https://ror.org/0087v5134","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1337719021","https://openalex.org/I169541294","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210089492","https://openalex.org/I4210132349"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Okke Batelaan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training (NCGRT), College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park South Australia 5042, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1443-6385","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training (NCGRT), College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park South Australia 5042, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089492","https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015592037"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294","https://openalex.org/I4210089492"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.3887,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92201618,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"12","first_page":"1243","last_page":"1243"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downscaling","display_name":"Downscaling","score":0.8963479399681091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7430591583251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6232465505599976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impervious-surface","display_name":"Impervious surface","score":0.5464590191841125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderate-resolution-imaging-spectroradiometer","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","score":0.5100319981575012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.47120019793510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroradiometer","display_name":"Spectroradiometer","score":0.43031615018844604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4268357455730438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.20438408851623535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.18816351890563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1648775339126587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.15357321500778198}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41156917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682831","display_name":"Downscaling","level":3,"score":0.8963479399681091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7430591583251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6232465505599976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2668921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434713","display_name":"Impervious surface","level":2,"score":0.5464590191841125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777007095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676840","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","level":3,"score":0.5100319981575012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.47120019793510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130066347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q680509","display_name":"Spectroradiometer","level":3,"score":0.43031615018844604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4268357455730438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.20438408851623535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.18816351890563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1648775339126587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.15357321500778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9121243","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9121243","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/12/1243/pdf?version=1512159187","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3d033d7af62541c8b77dae711054605f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3d033d7af62541c8b77dae711054605f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 9, Iss 12, p 1243 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/9/12/1243/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs9121243","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 9; Issue 12; Pages: 1243","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9121243","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9121243","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/12/1243/pdf?version=1512159187","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4600652817","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SR/00/105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321454","funder_display_name":"Belgian Federal Science Policy Office"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321454","display_name":"Belgian Federal Science Policy Office","ror":"https://ror.org/01fapfv42"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2774322389.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2774322389.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W165287837","https://openalex.org/W589062632","https://openalex.org/W1628569117","https://openalex.org/W1983002255","https://openalex.org/W1983407123","https://openalex.org/W1988573917","https://openalex.org/W1990330790","https://openalex.org/W1995762755","https://openalex.org/W1995837891","https://openalex.org/W1996043099","https://openalex.org/W1997058127","https://openalex.org/W1998079645","https://openalex.org/W2001564322","https://openalex.org/W2006970527","https://openalex.org/W2008684942","https://openalex.org/W2014630223","https://openalex.org/W2018333155","https://openalex.org/W2023929161","https://openalex.org/W2031596845","https://openalex.org/W2033854240","https://openalex.org/W2034932500","https://openalex.org/W2052883874","https://openalex.org/W2058602417","https://openalex.org/W2071269893","https://openalex.org/W2071312282","https://openalex.org/W2073237857","https://openalex.org/W2074710708","https://openalex.org/W2080601124","https://openalex.org/W2082691405","https://openalex.org/W2090662578","https://openalex.org/W2090729329","https://openalex.org/W2094153102","https://openalex.org/W2107275707","https://openalex.org/W2110531300","https://openalex.org/W2110932625","https://openalex.org/W2116327754","https://openalex.org/W2119641946","https://openalex.org/W2127437631","https://openalex.org/W2138879272","https://openalex.org/W2142165145","https://openalex.org/W2149184698","https://openalex.org/W2153763028","https://openalex.org/W2155553137","https://openalex.org/W2168725061","https://openalex.org/W2169278316","https://openalex.org/W2169447826","https://openalex.org/W2173064161","https://openalex.org/W2186043412","https://openalex.org/W2262055864","https://openalex.org/W2289805253","https://openalex.org/W2408871440","https://openalex.org/W2476293572","https://openalex.org/W2618162539","https://openalex.org/W2745749749","https://openalex.org/W3128632974","https://openalex.org/W3131099348","https://openalex.org/W3145591096","https://openalex.org/W4299412661","https://openalex.org/W4313641173","https://openalex.org/W4313649200","https://openalex.org/W6649241047","https://openalex.org/W6654804829","https://openalex.org/W6673384414","https://openalex.org/W6685181076"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968901811","https://openalex.org/W2087241461","https://openalex.org/W1609312116","https://openalex.org/W2185517458","https://openalex.org/W2098219828","https://openalex.org/W2045907675","https://openalex.org/W4285061174","https://openalex.org/W2360114125","https://openalex.org/W2028054326","https://openalex.org/W2023226251"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spaceborne":[0],"thermal":[1,16,159],"sensors":[2,17],"provide":[3],"important":[4],"physical":[5],"parameters":[6],"for":[7,79],"urban":[8,88,106,223],"studies.":[9],"However,":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,34,58,70,217],"technical":[13],"constraints,":[14],"spaceborne":[15],"yield":[18],"a":[19,97,115,154,170,188,214],"trade-off":[20],"between":[21,118],"their":[22],"spatial":[23,40],"and":[24,56,65,68,125,138,187],"temporal":[25],"resolution.":[26],"The":[27,90,108],"aims":[28],"of":[29,60,75,100,121,131],"this":[30],"study":[31],"are":[32,148],"(1)":[33],"downscale":[35,218],"the":[36,76,81,101,119,122,126,132,135,139,165,177,181,198,209,226],"three":[37],"originally":[38],"low":[39],"resolution":[41],"(960":[42],"m)":[43],"Moderate":[44],"Resolution":[45],"Imaging":[46],"Spectroradiometer":[47],"(MODIS/Terra)":[48],"land":[49,83,143,219],"surface":[50,84,144,220],"temperature":[51,85,123,145],"image":[52],"products":[53,86],"(MOD11_L2,":[54],"MOD11A1":[55],"MOD11A2)":[57],"resolutions":[59],"60,":[61],"90,":[62],"120,":[63],"240":[64],"480":[66],"m;":[67],"(2)":[69],"propose":[71],"an":[72],"improved":[73,92,109,133,166,210],"version":[74],"DisTrad":[77,93,103,167,183,200,211],"method":[78,168,212],"downscaling":[80],"MODIS/Terra":[82],"over":[87],"areas.":[89,107],"proposed":[91],"is":[94,112,206],"based":[95,113],"on":[96,114],"better":[98],"parameterization":[99],"original":[102,136,182,199,227],"residuals":[104,120],"in":[105,222],"resampling":[110],"technique":[111],"regression":[116],"relationship":[117],"estimation":[124],"impervious":[127],"percentage":[128],"index.":[129],"Validation":[130],"DisTrad,":[134,137],"uniformly":[140],"disaggregated":[141],"MODIS":[142],"images":[146],"(UniTrad)":[147],"performed":[149],"by":[150],"comparative":[151],"analysis":[152],"with":[153,176],"time-coincident":[155],"Landsat":[156],"7":[157],"ETM+":[158],"image.":[160],"Statistical":[161],"results":[162],"indicate":[163],"that":[164,208],"shows":[169],"higher":[171],"correlation":[172],"(R2":[173,184],"=":[174,185,194,202],"0.48)":[175],"observed":[178],"temperatures":[179,221],"than":[180,197,225],"0.43)":[186],"lower":[189],"mean":[190],"absolute":[191],"error":[192],"(MAE":[193,201],"1.88":[195],"\u00b0C)":[196],"2.07":[203],"\u00b0C).":[204],"It":[205],"concluded":[207],"has":[213],"stronger":[215],"capability":[216],"areas":[224],"DisTrad.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
