{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2763061815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9101026","title":"Changes in Light Pollution and the Causing Factors in China\u2019s Protected Areas, 1992\u20132012","display_name":"Changes in Light Pollution and the Causing Factors in China\u2019s Protected Areas, 1992\u20132012","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2763061815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9101026","mag":"2763061815"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9101026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9101026","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/10/1026/pdf?version=1507598587","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/10/1026/pdf?version=1507598587","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wenli Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-1340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenli Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078431711","display_name":"Minghong Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4945-7744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Minghong Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078431711"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.8882,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84921122,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"10","first_page":"1026","last_page":"1026"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-pollution","display_name":"Light pollution","score":0.703567385673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.5890234708786011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5572428107261658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.21092072129249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.05113595724105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.04132238030433655}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161421721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180644","display_name":"Light pollution","level":2,"score":0.703567385673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.5890234708786011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5572428107261658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21092072129249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.05113595724105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.04132238030433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9101026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9101026","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/10/1026/pdf?version=1507598587","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:99d07f3cc64f4fa59cb9e05b9d6c0b7a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/99d07f3cc64f4fa59cb9e05b9d6c0b7a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 9, Iss 10, p 1026 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/9/10/1026/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs9101026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 9; Issue 10; Pages: 1026","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9101026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9101026","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/10/1026/pdf?version=1507598587","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1093382727","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015CB452705","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2124693196","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC0502103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5136710531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"7052015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7129907147","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(973 Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8114646031","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016Y","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G850960841","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2763061815.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2763061815.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514910730","https://openalex.org/W1574397661","https://openalex.org/W1969223470","https://openalex.org/W1969589719","https://openalex.org/W1979075620","https://openalex.org/W1983564473","https://openalex.org/W1986261119","https://openalex.org/W1987230720","https://openalex.org/W1991048925","https://openalex.org/W1991995284","https://openalex.org/W2010989045","https://openalex.org/W2012997843","https://openalex.org/W2043723666","https://openalex.org/W2052133049","https://openalex.org/W2060673993","https://openalex.org/W2061145869","https://openalex.org/W2080878752","https://openalex.org/W2085715556","https://openalex.org/W2094748225","https://openalex.org/W2119791794","https://openalex.org/W2145607196","https://openalex.org/W2146585403","https://openalex.org/W2163896961","https://openalex.org/W2164341158","https://openalex.org/W2169214517","https://openalex.org/W2252923277","https://openalex.org/W2269396833","https://openalex.org/W2334934212","https://openalex.org/W2385305988","https://openalex.org/W2403528584","https://openalex.org/W2469180635","https://openalex.org/W2493461142","https://openalex.org/W2568169083","https://openalex.org/W2591436041","https://openalex.org/W3101738525","https://openalex.org/W6642288624"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972110805","https://openalex.org/W2186419259","https://openalex.org/W3206829958","https://openalex.org/W1999578589","https://openalex.org/W4390092105","https://openalex.org/W3098418608","https://openalex.org/W2763061815","https://openalex.org/W2732272932","https://openalex.org/W4387553540","https://openalex.org/W42898480"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,99,127],"natural":[1],"nighttime":[2,71],"light":[3,37,43,55,72,79,90,110,130,141,165,174,184],"environment":[4],"of":[5,66,124],"the":[6,106,122,137,152,158,162,170,179],"earth":[7],"has":[8,18],"been":[9],"significantly":[10,177],"transformed":[11],"by":[12,88,113,196],"human":[13,198],"activities.":[14],"Such":[15],"\u201clight":[16],"pollution\u201d":[17],"a":[19,64,118,192],"profound":[20],"influence":[21],"on":[22],"ecosystems.":[23,67],"Protected":[24],"areas":[25],"(PAs)":[26],"play":[27],"key":[28],"ecological":[29],"functions":[30],"and":[31,51,62,97,151,200],"are":[32],"only":[33],"effective":[34],"at":[35],"low":[36],"pollution":[38,56,80,91,111,131,142,166,175,185,190],"levels":[39,94],"or":[40],"without":[41],"any":[42],"pollution.":[44],"In":[45,136,161],"China,":[46],"with":[47,117],"rapid":[48],"population":[49],"growth":[50],"high":[52],"urbanization":[53],"rates,":[54],"in":[57,78,81,103,121,129,148,154,191],"PAs":[58,83],"continues":[59],"to":[60,74,86,109,173],"aggravate":[61],"threaten":[63],"number":[65],"We":[68],"used":[69],"calibrated":[70],"images":[73],"study":[75],"spatial-temporal":[76],"changes":[77,128],"China\u2019s":[82,104],"from":[84],"1992":[85],"2012":[87],"classifying":[89],"into":[92],"three":[93],"(moderate,":[95],"medium,":[96],"strong).":[98],"results":[100],"showed":[101],"that":[102,147],"PAs,":[105],"area":[107,171],"subject":[108,172],"increased":[112,176],"about":[114],"1.79":[115],"times,":[116],"significant":[119,133,145],"increase":[120],"intensity":[123],"artificial":[125],"light.":[126],"exhibited":[132],"regional":[134],"differences.":[135],"eastern":[138],"developed":[139],"regions,":[140],"was":[143,157,167],"more":[144],"than":[146],"other":[149],"regions":[150],"situation":[153],"East":[155],"China":[156],"most":[159],"severe.":[160],"Qinghai-Tibet,":[163],"although":[164],"less":[168],"significant,":[169],"over":[178],"evaluated":[180],"period.":[181],"Factors":[182],"influencing":[183],"were":[186],"also":[187],"analyzed.":[188],"Light":[189],"PA":[193],"is":[194],"influenced":[195],"both":[197],"activities":[199],"its":[201],"own":[202],"characteristics.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2017-10-20T00:00:00"}
