{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2756153760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090963","title":"Effects of 4D-Var Data Assimilation Using Remote Sensing Precipitation Products in a WRF Model over the Complex Terrain of an Arid Region River Basin","display_name":"Effects of 4D-Var Data Assimilation Using Remote Sensing Precipitation Products in a WRF Model over the Complex Terrain of an Arid Region River Basin","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2756153760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090963","mag":"2756153760"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9090963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090963","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/9/963/pdf?version=1505648285","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/9/963/pdf?version=1505648285","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101737081","display_name":"Xiaoduo Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0573-1625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoduo Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100354056","display_name":"Xin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2999-9818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144025","display_name":"Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/052acn261","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210141476","https://openalex.org/I4210144025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101863841","display_name":"Guodong Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2758-6211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21945476","display_name":"Shanghai Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01cxqmw89","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21945476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guodong Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Urban Development, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China","Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Urban Development, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21945476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048419920","display_name":"Yang Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8720-242X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100354056"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144025"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.2312,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86857194,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"9","first_page":"963","last_page":"963"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weather-research-and-forecasting-model","display_name":"Weather Research and Forecasting Model","score":0.8574525117874146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.7863508462905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7267171740531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.7178791165351868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-assimilation","display_name":"Data assimilation","score":0.6349852681159973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arid","display_name":"Arid","score":0.5779890418052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-basin","display_name":"Structural basin","score":0.48714253306388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.48147454857826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.46385809779167175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3736347556114197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.14036071300506592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08485901355743408}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133204551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838305","display_name":"Weather Research and Forecasting Model","level":2,"score":0.8574525117874146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.7863508462905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7267171740531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.7178791165351868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24552861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670177","display_name":"Data assimilation","level":2,"score":0.6349852681159973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150772632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330709","display_name":"Arid","level":2,"score":0.5779890418052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.48714253306388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.48147454857826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.46385809779167175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3736347556114197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14036071300506592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08485901355743408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9090963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090963","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/9/963/pdf?version=1505648285","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2a1d815e9e5e4e248485bf41d313bbcc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2a1d815e9e5e4e248485bf41d313bbcc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 9, Iss 9, p 963 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/9/9/963/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs9090963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 9; Issue 9; Pages: 963","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9090963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090963","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/9/963/pdf?version=1505648285","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6258415954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Chinese","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308377","display_name":"National Center for Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvfcr44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322035","display_name":"Rural Development Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03xs9yg50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332377","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2756153760.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2756153760.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513543199","https://openalex.org/W1548113841","https://openalex.org/W1965607322","https://openalex.org/W1969698207","https://openalex.org/W1969801270","https://openalex.org/W1970966350","https://openalex.org/W1980030710","https://openalex.org/W1984280422","https://openalex.org/W1985982595","https://openalex.org/W1995622703","https://openalex.org/W2011450401","https://openalex.org/W2016866892","https://openalex.org/W2019233540","https://openalex.org/W2022236038","https://openalex.org/W2027588849","https://openalex.org/W2028979275","https://openalex.org/W2032571483","https://openalex.org/W2039190573","https://openalex.org/W2041555215","https://openalex.org/W2046922827","https://openalex.org/W2046976544","https://openalex.org/W2048387078","https://openalex.org/W2051709629","https://openalex.org/W2055601339","https://openalex.org/W2077421215","https://openalex.org/W2077861728","https://openalex.org/W2082496082","https://openalex.org/W2083339292","https://openalex.org/W2093675520","https://openalex.org/W2110295653","https://openalex.org/W2111053109","https://openalex.org/W2114108500","https://openalex.org/W2128225313","https://openalex.org/W2134928158","https://openalex.org/W2142794782","https://openalex.org/W2148509416","https://openalex.org/W2158788282","https://openalex.org/W2160259431","https://openalex.org/W2166113235","https://openalex.org/W2170791744","https://openalex.org/W2172819965","https://openalex.org/W2172893765","https://openalex.org/W2175464797","https://openalex.org/W2177389137","https://openalex.org/W2177451271","https://openalex.org/W2179912439","https://openalex.org/W2193518734","https://openalex.org/W2315155642","https://openalex.org/W2384179482","https://openalex.org/W2560821854","https://openalex.org/W2905741961","https://openalex.org/W3175911607","https://openalex.org/W4243452534","https://openalex.org/W6676372206","https://openalex.org/W6680063381"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2080301510","https://openalex.org/W2742823986","https://openalex.org/W2277926427","https://openalex.org/W1965948816","https://openalex.org/W2016380693","https://openalex.org/W2527988063","https://openalex.org/W1977931480","https://openalex.org/W2570859838","https://openalex.org/W3012282105","https://openalex.org/W1998860914"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Individually,":[0],"ground-based,":[1],"in":[2,72,114],"situ":[3],"observations,":[4],"remote":[5,44,135,163],"sensing,":[6],"and":[7,37,43,53,82,99,147,153,161,181],"regional":[8],"climate":[9],"modeling":[10],"cannot":[11],"provide":[12],"the":[13,33,79,103,119,132,141,155,179],"high-quality":[14],"precipitation":[15,51,62,90,137,151,165],"data":[16,105],"required":[17],"for":[18,108],"hydrological":[19],"prediction,":[20],"especially":[21],"over":[22,69,190],"complex":[23,70,193],"terrains.":[24,194],"Data":[25],"assimilation":[26,64,106,133],"techniques":[27],"can":[28,139,170],"be":[29,171],"used":[30,78],"to":[31,49,86],"bridge":[32],"gap":[34],"between":[35],"observations":[36,42],"models":[38,48],"by":[39],"assimilating":[40,159],"ground":[41],"sensing":[45,136,164],"products":[46,63,91,138,166],"into":[47],"improve":[50,140],"simulation":[52],"forecasting.":[54],"However,":[55],"only":[56],"a":[57,109,174],"small":[58],"portion":[59],"of":[60,134,145,184],"satellite-retrieved":[61],"research":[65,81],"has":[66],"been":[67],"implemented":[68],"terrains":[71,124],"an":[73],"arid":[74,117],"region.":[75],"Here,":[76],"we":[77],"weather":[80,186],"forecasting":[83,152],"(WRF)":[84],"model":[85],"assimilate":[87],"two":[88],"satellite":[89],"(The":[92],"Tropical":[93],"Rainfall":[94],"Measuring":[95],"Mission:":[96],"TRMM":[97,160],"3B42":[98],"Fengyun-2D:":[100],"FY-2D)":[101],"using":[102,167],"4D-Var":[104,169],"method":[107],"typical":[110],"inland":[111],"river":[112],"basin":[113],"northwest":[115],"China\u2019s":[116],"region,":[118],"Heihe":[120],"River":[121],"Basin,":[122],"where":[123],"are":[125],"very":[126],"complex.":[127],"The":[128],"results":[129],"show":[130],"that":[131],"initial":[142],"WRF":[143,168],"fields":[144],"humidity":[146],"temperature,":[148],"thereby":[149],"improving":[150,178],"decreasing":[154],"spin-up":[156],"time.":[157],"Hence,":[158],"FY-2D":[162],"viewed":[172],"as":[173],"positive":[175],"step":[176],"toward":[177],"accuracy":[180],"lead":[182],"time":[183],"numerical":[185],"prediction":[187],"models,":[188],"particularly":[189],"regions":[191],"with":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
