{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2755608923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090946","title":"Automatic Detection and Parameter Estimation of Trees for Forest Inventory Applications Using 3D Terrestrial LiDAR","display_name":"Automatic Detection and Parameter Estimation of Trees for Forest Inventory Applications Using 3D Terrestrial LiDAR","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2755608923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090946","mag":"2755608923"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9090946","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090946","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/9/946/pdf?version=1505380951","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/9/946/pdf?version=1505380951","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036518660","display_name":"Ahmad Kamal Aijazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6349-128X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169645620","display_name":"Institut Pascal","ror":"https://ror.org/03vgfxd91","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I169645620","https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I4210095849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123221","display_name":"Sigma Clermont","ror":"https://ror.org/02n5evf44","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I4210123221","https://openalex.org/I4387154249"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103002","display_name":"University of Clermont Auvergne","ror":null,"country_code":"FR","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103002"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Aijazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Pascal, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Pascal, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123221","https://openalex.org/I169645620","https://openalex.org/I4210103002","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075937988","display_name":"Paul Checchin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2930-3393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169645620","display_name":"Institut Pascal","ror":"https://ror.org/03vgfxd91","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I169645620","https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I4210095849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123221","display_name":"Sigma Clermont","ror":"https://ror.org/02n5evf44","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I4210123221","https://openalex.org/I4387154249"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103002","display_name":"University of Clermont Auvergne","ror":null,"country_code":"FR","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103002"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Checchin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Pascal, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Pascal, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123221","https://openalex.org/I169645620","https://openalex.org/I4210103002","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101022132","display_name":"Laurent Malaterre","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123221","display_name":"Sigma Clermont","ror":"https://ror.org/02n5evf44","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I4210123221","https://openalex.org/I4387154249"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169645620","display_name":"Institut Pascal","ror":"https://ror.org/03vgfxd91","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I169645620","https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I4210095849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103002","display_name":"University of Clermont Auvergne","ror":null,"country_code":"FR","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103002"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurent Malaterre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Pascal, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Pascal, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123221","https://openalex.org/I169645620","https://openalex.org/I4210103002","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082769962","display_name":"Laurent Trassoudaine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3486-3918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169645620","display_name":"Institut Pascal","ror":"https://ror.org/03vgfxd91","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I169645620","https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I4210095849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123221","display_name":"Sigma Clermont","ror":"https://ror.org/02n5evf44","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I4210123221","https://openalex.org/I4387154249"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103002","display_name":"University of Clermont Auvergne","ror":null,"country_code":"FR","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103002"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laurent Trassoudaine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Pascal, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Pascal, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123221","https://openalex.org/I169645620","https://openalex.org/I4210103002","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082769962"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I169645620","https://openalex.org/I4210103002","https://openalex.org/I4210123221"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.9235,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74052563,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"9","first_page":"946","last_page":"946"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12713","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-inventory","display_name":"Forest inventory","score":0.7463845610618591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.6969404220581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6650074124336243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6047910451889038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal-area","display_name":"Basal area","score":0.585867702960968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5590053796768188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5537973046302795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"Digital elevation model","score":0.4944901466369629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4869707524776459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.45289769768714905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.4488813281059265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.4139763414859772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29761984944343567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.2920358180999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-management","display_name":"Forest management","score":0.2123551368713379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.17707687616348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17375236749649048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.14433801174163818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.14151796698570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147103442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423188","display_name":"Forest inventory","level":3,"score":0.7463845610618591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.6969404220581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6650074124336243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6047910451889038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91354502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830384","display_name":"Basal area","level":2,"score":0.585867702960968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5590053796768188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5537973046302795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.4944901466369629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4869707524776459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.45289769768714905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.4488813281059265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.4139763414859772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29761984944343567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2920358180999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28631016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372561","display_name":"Forest management","level":2,"score":0.2123551368713379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.17707687616348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17375236749649048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.14433801174163818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14151796698570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9090946","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090946","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/9/946/pdf?version=1505380951","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01655563v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-01655563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, 2017, 9 (9), pp.946. ⟨10.3390/rs9090946⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dc4edbd7346c42bb8eaa5f3bfe993350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dc4edbd7346c42bb8eaa5f3bfe993350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 9, Iss 9, p 946 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/9/9/946/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs9090946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 9; Issue 9; Pages: 946","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9090946","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090946","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/9/946/pdf?version=1505380951","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2755608923.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2755608923.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37424578","https://openalex.org/W37754739","https://openalex.org/W765645124","https://openalex.org/W1557351835","https://openalex.org/W1964011242","https://openalex.org/W1964264130","https://openalex.org/W1965722011","https://openalex.org/W1966457789","https://openalex.org/W1967688818","https://openalex.org/W1968385740","https://openalex.org/W1980089263","https://openalex.org/W1995807936","https://openalex.org/W2032413422","https://openalex.org/W2039898450","https://openalex.org/W2043047386","https://openalex.org/W2044046051","https://openalex.org/W2049981393","https://openalex.org/W2054804188","https://openalex.org/W2062883956","https://openalex.org/W2065030504","https://openalex.org/W2071635229","https://openalex.org/W2071695248","https://openalex.org/W2077944642","https://openalex.org/W2082022750","https://openalex.org/W2094434264","https://openalex.org/W2105285489","https://openalex.org/W2113748593","https://openalex.org/W2114191733","https://openalex.org/W2122789610","https://openalex.org/W2131058553","https://openalex.org/W2133916729","https://openalex.org/W2136245122","https://openalex.org/W2140041315","https://openalex.org/W2158166073","https://openalex.org/W2161746820","https://openalex.org/W2165148193","https://openalex.org/W2169528473","https://openalex.org/W2325182651","https://openalex.org/W2462299864","https://openalex.org/W2466494297","https://openalex.org/W2502492540","https://openalex.org/W2521418764","https://openalex.org/W2523569918","https://openalex.org/W2540382471","https://openalex.org/W2809494081","https://openalex.org/W2896256383","https://openalex.org/W3149424266","https://openalex.org/W4241660447","https://openalex.org/W6605807493","https://openalex.org/W6633270773","https://openalex.org/W6661222865","https://openalex.org/W6719548293","https://openalex.org/W6724537168","https://openalex.org/W6726575486","https://openalex.org/W6752731809","https://openalex.org/W6755224115","https://openalex.org/W6989354073"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015378821","https://openalex.org/W4236226448","https://openalex.org/W2475090620","https://openalex.org/W2537499819","https://openalex.org/W2109791390","https://openalex.org/W2955157021","https://openalex.org/W2894161168","https://openalex.org/W4313558313","https://openalex.org/W1989794441","https://openalex.org/W2011359691"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Forest":[0],"inventory":[1,139],"plays":[2],"an":[3],"important":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,28,59,91],"the":[7,51,55,74,182,191,194],"management":[8],"and":[9,23,101,121,145,162,168,199],"planning":[10],"of":[11,25,54,73,93,157,174,193],"forests.":[12],"In":[13],"this":[14],"study,":[15],"we":[16],"present":[17],"a":[18,60,105,171],"method":[19,38,142],"for":[20,137,170],"automatic":[21],"detection":[22],"estimation":[24,209],"trees,":[26],"especially":[27],"forest":[29,138],"environments":[30],"using":[31,104],"3D":[32,56,88],"terrestrial":[33,158],"LiDAR":[34],"data.":[35],"The":[36,71,87,141,176],"proposed":[37,195],"does":[39],"not":[40],"rely":[41],"on":[42,147],"any":[43],"predefined":[44],"tree":[45,85,128],"shape":[46],"or":[47],"model.":[48],"It":[49],"uses":[50],"vertical":[52],"distribution":[53],"points":[57,89],"partitioned":[58],"gridded":[61],"Digital":[62],"Elevation":[63],"Model":[64],"(DEM)":[65],"to":[66,80,134,164,189,216],"extract":[67],"out":[68],"ground":[69],"points.":[70],"cells":[72],"DEM":[75],"are":[76,96,123,131,178],"then":[77,97,124,132],"clustered":[78],"together":[79],"form":[81],"super-clusters":[82,95],"representing":[83],"potential":[84],"objects.":[86],"contained":[90],"each":[92],"these":[94],"classified":[98],"into":[99],"trunk":[100],"vegetation":[102],"classes":[103],"super-voxel":[106],"based":[107],"segmentation":[108,198],"method.":[109,196],"Different":[110],"attributes":[111],"(such":[112],"as":[113],"diameter":[114],"at":[115,126],"breast":[116],"height,":[117],"basal":[118],"area,":[119],"height":[120],"volume)":[122],"estimated":[125,183],"individual":[127],"levels":[129],"which":[130],"aggregated":[133],"generate":[135],"metrics":[136],"applications.":[140,175],"is":[143],"validated":[144],"evaluated":[146,179],"three":[148,154],"different":[149,155],"data":[150],"sets":[151],"obtained":[152],"from":[153,212],"types":[156],"sensors":[159],"(vehicle-borne,":[160],"handheld":[161],"static)":[163],"demonstrate":[165,190],"its":[166],"applicability":[167],"feasibility":[169],"wide":[172],"range":[173],"results":[177],"by":[180],"comparing":[181],"parameters":[184],"with":[185],"real":[186],"field":[187],"observations/measurements":[188],"efficacy":[192],"Overall":[197],"classification":[200],"accuracies":[201],"greater":[202],"than":[203],"84":[204],"%":[205,218],"while":[206],"average":[207],"parameter":[208],"error":[210],"ranging":[211],"1":[213],".":[214],"6":[215],"9":[217],"were":[219],"observed.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}