{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2753854941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090928","title":"Spatial and Temporal Variability in Winter Precipitation across the Western United States during the Satellite Era","display_name":"Spatial and Temporal Variability in Winter Precipitation across the Western United States during the Satellite Era","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2753854941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090928","mag":"2753854941"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9090928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090928","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/9/928/pdf?version=1504779779","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/9/928/pdf?version=1504779779","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101892711","display_name":"D. B. Nash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8607-2360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27825529","display_name":"California State University Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/0294hxs80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27825529"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Deanna Nash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geosciences and Environment, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geosciences and Environment, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27825529"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084890579","display_name":"Hengchun Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9693-3734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27825529","display_name":"California State University Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/0294hxs80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27825529"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hengchun Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geosciences and Environment, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geosciences and Environment, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27825529"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065388826","display_name":"Eric J. Fetzer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-8567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Fetzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101892711"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27825529"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08205586,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"9","first_page":"928","last_page":"928"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.8069936037063599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.7084411382675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6623246073722839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5319035053253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-resources","display_name":"Water resources","score":0.465831458568573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-shortage","display_name":"Economic shortage","score":0.4465564787387848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/period","display_name":"Period (music)","score":0.4417877793312073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.41462060809135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.3250657320022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.28695714473724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.1897071897983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.15910828113555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.07558146119117737}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.8069936037063599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.7084411382675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6623246073722839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5319035053253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153823671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049799","display_name":"Water resources","level":2,"score":0.465831458568573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194051981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337691","display_name":"Economic shortage","level":3,"score":0.4465564787387848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.4417877793312073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.41462060809135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.3250657320022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.28695714473724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.1897071897983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.15910828113555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.07558146119117737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9090928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090928","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/9/928/pdf?version=1504779779","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fcf793ad8ab841faa24b1a49c51873da","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fcf793ad8ab841faa24b1a49c51873da","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 9, Iss 9, p 928 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/9/9/928/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs9090928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9090928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090928","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/9/928/pdf?version=1504779779","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7449945163","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNX15AQ06A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309398","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333674","display_name":"Earth Sciences Division","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2753854941.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2753854941.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486539611","https://openalex.org/W1499789090","https://openalex.org/W1514625308","https://openalex.org/W1733550608","https://openalex.org/W1905435249","https://openalex.org/W1973926943","https://openalex.org/W1977157738","https://openalex.org/W1995622703","https://openalex.org/W2000244755","https://openalex.org/W2022548072","https://openalex.org/W2023194175","https://openalex.org/W2029604816","https://openalex.org/W2033098709","https://openalex.org/W2051416171","https://openalex.org/W2066370308","https://openalex.org/W2067715694","https://openalex.org/W2067758371","https://openalex.org/W2079453839","https://openalex.org/W2082872569","https://openalex.org/W2106876896","https://openalex.org/W2115806425","https://openalex.org/W2128428605","https://openalex.org/W2129831404","https://openalex.org/W2135648148","https://openalex.org/W2138301474","https://openalex.org/W2139101220","https://openalex.org/W2141635753","https://openalex.org/W2153361527","https://openalex.org/W2167951186","https://openalex.org/W2175438620","https://openalex.org/W2187515694","https://openalex.org/W2260021327","https://openalex.org/W2290693669","https://openalex.org/W2463869549","https://openalex.org/W2595613894","https://openalex.org/W2605140704","https://openalex.org/W6670216623","https://openalex.org/W6680301640"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2590211375","https://openalex.org/W2509147714","https://openalex.org/W2579473328","https://openalex.org/W46955353","https://openalex.org/W4239898203","https://openalex.org/W2955295882","https://openalex.org/W2603666417","https://openalex.org/W2145869671","https://openalex.org/W2563217655","https://openalex.org/W2357816140"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,116],"western":[1,34,89,124],"United":[2,35,90,125,142,149,179],"States":[3,36,91,126,150],"is":[4],"known":[5],"for":[6],"its":[7],"water":[8,31,104,169],"shortages":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,48],"large":[12],"seasonal":[13],"and":[14,94,96,106,134,171],"inter-annual":[15],"variability":[16],"of":[17,30,40,155],"precipitation":[18,41,76,85,120,132,173],"as":[19,21],"well":[20],"increasing":[22,139],"demand.":[23],"Climate":[24],"change":[25],"will":[26],"impact":[27],"the":[28,33,38,46,67,81,88,100,107,113,123,147,152,156,172,177],"availability":[29],"in":[32,58,84,122,130,140,146,176],"through":[37],"modification":[39],"characteristics.":[42],"Satellite":[43],"data":[44],"presents":[45],"opportunity":[47],"study":[49,79,157],"these":[50],"changes":[51,83],"at":[52],"a":[53,163],"fine,":[54],"continuous":[55],"spatial":[56],"resolution\u2014particularly":[57],"places":[59],"where":[60],"no":[61],"traditional":[62],"ground":[63],"observations":[64],"exist.":[65],"Utilizing":[66],"Tropical":[68],"Rainfall":[69],"Measuring":[70],"Mission":[71],"(TRMM)":[72],"3B42":[73],"version":[74],"7":[75],"data,":[77],"this":[78],"examines":[80],"spatio-temporal":[82],"characteristics":[86],"over":[87],"between":[92,166],"1998":[93],"2015,":[95],"their":[97],"connections":[98],"with":[99],"atmospheric":[101],"total":[102,167],"column":[103,168],"vapor":[105,170],"El":[108],"Ni\u00f1o":[109],"Southern":[110],"Oscillation":[111],"during":[112,151],"winter":[114],"season.":[115],"results":[117,161],"show":[118,162],"that":[119],"frequency":[121],"has":[127],"been":[128],"decreasing":[129,145],"general,":[131],"totals":[133],"mean":[135],"daily":[136],"intensity":[137],"are":[138],"northwestern":[141],"States,":[143],"but":[144],"southwest":[148],"18":[153],"years":[154],"time":[158],"period.":[159],"Additionally,":[160],"strong":[164],"relationship":[165],"characteristics,":[174],"specifically":[175],"southwestern":[178],"States.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
