{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2752754105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090894","title":"Spatial Variability of L-Band Brightness Temperature during Freeze/Thaw Events over a Prairie Environment","display_name":"Spatial Variability of L-Band Brightness Temperature during Freeze/Thaw Events over a Prairie Environment","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2752754105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090894","mag":"2752754105"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9090894","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090894","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/9/894/pdf?version=1504010237","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/9/894/pdf?version=1504010237","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008923812","display_name":"Alexandre Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1472-3619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135117807","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","ror":"https://ror.org/00kybxq39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43406934","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Laval","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjchr03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexandre Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre d\u2019Applications et de Recherches en T\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection (CARTEL), Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. Universit\u00e9, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada","Centre d\u2019\u00c9tudes Nordiques, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada","D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9ographie, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H2V 2B8, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre d\u2019Applications et de Recherches en T\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection (CARTEL), Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. Universit\u00e9, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre d\u2019\u00c9tudes Nordiques, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9ographie, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H2V 2B8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071466248","display_name":"Peter Toose","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-7443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342547582","display_name":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/026ny0e17","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Toose","raw_affiliation_strings":["Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091490445","display_name":"Chris Derksen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6821-5479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342547582","display_name":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/026ny0e17","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Derksen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070053243","display_name":"Tracy Rowlandson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8509-2658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","display_name":"University of Guelph","ror":"https://ror.org/01r7awg59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tracy Rowlandson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061554533","display_name":"Aaron Berg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8438-5662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","display_name":"University of Guelph","ror":"https://ror.org/01r7awg59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aaron Berg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081338321","display_name":"Juha Lemmetyinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4434-9696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha Lemmetyinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Meteorological Institute, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013555844","display_name":"Alain Royer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6593-2007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135117807","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","ror":"https://ror.org/00kybxq39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43406934","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Laval","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjchr03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alain Royer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre d\u2019Applications et de Recherches en T\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection (CARTEL), Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. Universit\u00e9, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada","Centre d\u2019\u00c9tudes Nordiques, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre d\u2019Applications et de Recherches en T\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection (CARTEL), Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. Universit\u00e9, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre d\u2019\u00c9tudes Nordiques, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001975157","display_name":"Erica Tetlock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6832-9596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342547582","display_name":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/026ny0e17","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erica Tetlock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environment and Climate Change Canada, Sasktoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environment and Climate Change Canada, Sasktoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021363517","display_name":"Warren Helgason","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7068-5717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Warren Helgason","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil, Geological and Environmental Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil, Geological and Environmental Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107273705","display_name":"Oliver Sonnentag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9333-9721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Sonnentag","raw_affiliation_strings":["D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9ographie, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H2V 2B8, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9ographie, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H2V 2B8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008923812"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807","https://openalex.org/I43406934","https://openalex.org/I70931966"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.3851,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7984316,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"9","first_page":"894","last_page":"894"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness-temperature","display_name":"Brightness temperature","score":0.7470086812973022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.736979603767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.7342955470085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-variability","display_name":"Spatial variability","score":0.5994979739189148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.5674963593482971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-content","display_name":"Water content","score":0.5351102948188782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.4456261396408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.4381021559238434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-radiometer","display_name":"Microwave radiometer","score":0.43643414974212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3441370725631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.1858171820640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.16168662905693054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09903392195701599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09400400519371033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53802167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4538627","display_name":"Brightness temperature","level":3,"score":0.7470086812973022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.736979603767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.7342955470085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94747663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574086","display_name":"Spatial variability","level":2,"score":0.5994979739189148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.5674963593482971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.5351102948188782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.4456261396408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.4381021559238434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96960616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3814470","display_name":"Microwave radiometer","level":3,"score":0.43643414974212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3441370725631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.1858171820640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.16168662905693054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09903392195701599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09400400519371033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9090894","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090894","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/9/894/pdf?version=1504010237","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3b850fb703364e88be9303364e82fd08","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3b850fb703364e88be9303364e82fd08","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 9, Iss 9, p 894 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/9/9/894/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs9090894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 9; Issue 9; Pages: 894","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9090894","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090894","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/9/894/pdf?version=1504010237","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2165548363","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Canada","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8284766523","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(NSERC)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325263","display_name":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/026ny0e17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334436","display_name":"Canadian Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1gte98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2752754105.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2752754105.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26381515","https://openalex.org/W1527030529","https://openalex.org/W1596638346","https://openalex.org/W1757277007","https://openalex.org/W1851700709","https://openalex.org/W1867357228","https://openalex.org/W1973527930","https://openalex.org/W1974242042","https://openalex.org/W1995733755","https://openalex.org/W2019040240","https://openalex.org/W2022331802","https://openalex.org/W2034052202","https://openalex.org/W2035674356","https://openalex.org/W2052312814","https://openalex.org/W2058925055","https://openalex.org/W2090898958","https://openalex.org/W2106920307","https://openalex.org/W2130026402","https://openalex.org/W2141219203","https://openalex.org/W2148699319","https://openalex.org/W2154221573","https://openalex.org/W2168434255","https://openalex.org/W2171965687","https://openalex.org/W2180124860","https://openalex.org/W2216542690","https://openalex.org/W2256687290","https://openalex.org/W2259197003","https://openalex.org/W2264314726","https://openalex.org/W2274296653","https://openalex.org/W2287607328","https://openalex.org/W2292564859","https://openalex.org/W2297420746","https://openalex.org/W2346389256","https://openalex.org/W2468961346","https://openalex.org/W2481115211","https://openalex.org/W2486732896","https://openalex.org/W2559984691","https://openalex.org/W2574094646","https://openalex.org/W2592532928","https://openalex.org/W2592948058","https://openalex.org/W2594949580","https://openalex.org/W2600900657","https://openalex.org/W2604571421","https://openalex.org/W3031844622","https://openalex.org/W6631600265","https://openalex.org/W6639280694","https://openalex.org/W6685614868","https://openalex.org/W6688513916"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381259876","https://openalex.org/W2016007472","https://openalex.org/W2360231461","https://openalex.org/W2413930784","https://openalex.org/W2140108161","https://openalex.org/W2005776842","https://openalex.org/W1983957298","https://openalex.org/W2156895286","https://openalex.org/W2165236048","https://openalex.org/W2109355119"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Passive":[0],"microwave":[1,35,53],"measurements":[2,20,110],"from":[3],"space":[4],"are":[5,21],"known":[6],"to":[7,10,65,151,194,257],"be":[8],"sensitive":[9],"the":[11,16,30,34,45,48,59,67,82,119,156,162,175,182,197,201,208,228,250,263],"freeze/thaw":[12],"(F/T)":[13],"state":[14],"of":[15,33,47,70,122,174,177,200,221,227,249,267],"land":[17],"surface.":[18],"These":[19],"at":[22,104,167],"a":[23,38,98,114,216],"coarse":[24],"spatial":[25,31,68,120,251],"resolution":[26],"(~15\u201350":[27],"km)":[28],"and":[29,75,94,131,186,224,235,240,260,265],"variability":[32,69,121,252],"emissions":[36,72,255],"within":[37,81],"pixel":[39],"can":[40],"have":[41],"important":[42],"effects":[43],"on":[44,179],"interpretation":[46],"signal.":[49],"An":[50],"L-band":[51,101],"ground-based":[52,100],"radiometer":[54,102,109],"campaign":[55],"was":[56,140,149],"conducted":[57],"in":[58,113,253],"Canadian":[60],"Prairies":[61],"during":[62,73,128],"winter":[63],"2014\u20132015":[64],"examine":[66],"surface":[71],"frozen":[74,130,136],"thawed":[76],"periods.":[77],"Seven":[78],"different":[79],"sites":[80],"Kenaston":[83],"soil":[84,133,137,144,152,163,238],"monitoring":[85],"network":[86],"were":[87,204],"sampled":[88],"five":[89],"times":[90],"between":[91,184],"October":[92],"2014":[93],"April":[95],"2015":[96],"with":[97,143,189,207,215],"mobile":[99],"system":[103],"approximately":[105],"monthly":[106],"intervals.":[107],"The":[108],"showed":[111],"that":[112,161],"seemingly":[115],"homogenous":[116],"prairie":[117],"landscape,":[118],"brightness":[123],"temperature":[124],"(TB)":[125],"is":[126],"non-negligible":[127],"both":[129],"unfrozen":[132],"conditions.":[134],"Under":[135],"conditions,":[138],"TB":[139,185,199,214,233],"negatively":[141],"correlated":[142,206],"permittivity":[145],"(\u03b5G).":[146],"This":[147,243],"correlation":[148,183],"related":[150,256],"moisture":[153],"conditions":[154],"before":[155],"main":[157],"freezing":[158,239],"event,":[159],"showing":[160],"ice":[164],"volumetric":[165],"content":[166],"least":[168],"partly":[169],"affects":[170],"TB.":[171],"However,":[172],"because":[173],"effect":[176],"snow":[178,190],"L-Band":[180,254],"emission,":[181],"\u03b5G":[187],"decreased":[188],"accumulation.":[191],"When":[192],"compared":[193],"satellite":[195],"measurements,":[196],"average":[198],"seven":[202],"plots":[203],"well":[205],"Soil":[209],"Moisture":[210],"Ocean":[211],"Salinity":[212],"(SMOS)":[213],"root":[217],"mean":[218],"square":[219],"difference":[220],"8.1":[222],"K":[223],"consistent":[225],"representation":[226],"strong":[229],"F/T":[230,269],"signal":[231],"(i.e.,":[232],"increases":[234],"decreases":[236],"when":[237],"thawing,":[241],"respectively).":[242],"study":[244],"allows":[245],"better":[246],"quantitative":[247],"understanding":[248],"landscape":[258],"F/T,":[259],"will":[261],"help":[262],"calibration":[264],"validation":[266],"satellite-based":[268],"retrieval":[270],"algorithms.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2017-09-15T00:00:00"}