{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2747120459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9080841","title":"A Probabilistic Weighted Archetypal Analysis Method with Earth Mover\u2019s Distance for Endmember Extraction from Hyperspectral Imagery","display_name":"A Probabilistic Weighted Archetypal Analysis Method with Earth Mover\u2019s Distance for Endmember Extraction from Hyperspectral Imagery","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2747120459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9080841","mag":"2747120459"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9080841","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9080841","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/8/841/pdf?version=1502716160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/8/841/pdf?version=1502716160","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050009113","display_name":"Weiwei Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3399-7858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China","State Key Lab of Information Engineering on Survey, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Information Engineering on Survey, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078349962","display_name":"Dianfa Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dianfa Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100613351","display_name":"Yan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5886-9938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99041443","display_name":"Mississippi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0432jq872","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103218707","display_name":"Long Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7591-4294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99041443","display_name":"Mississippi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0432jq872","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074018705","display_name":"Gang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7001-2037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008880052","display_name":"Weiyue Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3928-3998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21945476","display_name":"Shanghai Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01cxqmw89","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21945476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weiyue Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Urban Studies, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Urban Studies, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21945476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008880052","https://openalex.org/A5050009113"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558","https://openalex.org/I21945476","https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.1707,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83389313,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"8","first_page":"841","last_page":"841"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endmember","display_name":"Endmember","score":0.9203534722328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8555822372436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6743012070655823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5977158546447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-movers-distance","display_name":"Earth mover's distance","score":0.5609280467033386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5177092552185059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.5079677700996399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4708062410354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-negative-matrix-factorization","display_name":"Non-negative matrix factorization","score":0.4476097822189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.44327491521835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.4351573586463928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-decomposition","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","score":0.19149991869926453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.17388427257537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","score":0.10307040810585022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58237817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5376204","display_name":"Endmember","level":3,"score":0.9203534722328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8555822372436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6743012070655823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5977158546447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82668687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3046456","display_name":"Earth mover's distance","level":2,"score":0.5609280467033386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5177092552185059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.5079677700996399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4708062410354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152671427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10843505","display_name":"Non-negative matrix factorization","level":4,"score":0.4476097822189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.44327491521835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.4351573586463928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42355184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361088","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","level":3,"score":0.19149991869926453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.17388427257537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.10307040810585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9080841","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9080841","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/8/841/pdf?version=1502716160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e18f9efb165a4b409cb042f544c489b5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e18f9efb165a4b409cb042f544c489b5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 9, Iss 8, p 841 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/9/8/841/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs9080841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9080841","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9080841","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/8/841/pdf?version=1502716160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G358657721","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015M570668,2016T90732","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6946298539","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41671342, U1609203, 41401389","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322605","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337015","display_name":"K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2747120459.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2747120459.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1603505684","https://openalex.org/W1608180792","https://openalex.org/W1755724306","https://openalex.org/W1787402657","https://openalex.org/W1840600990","https://openalex.org/W1898446294","https://openalex.org/W1902016676","https://openalex.org/W1949713295","https://openalex.org/W1965888395","https://openalex.org/W1972524915","https://openalex.org/W1985728473","https://openalex.org/W2021604182","https://openalex.org/W2023518723","https://openalex.org/W2029786966","https://openalex.org/W2038304857","https://openalex.org/W2040399008","https://openalex.org/W2050041778","https://openalex.org/W2058484777","https://openalex.org/W2063790512","https://openalex.org/W2064292567","https://openalex.org/W2085498944","https://openalex.org/W2086888000","https://openalex.org/W2087263574","https://openalex.org/W2089298795","https://openalex.org/W2095088894","https://openalex.org/W2095343758","https://openalex.org/W2097900616","https://openalex.org/W2110492881","https://openalex.org/W2114486983","https://openalex.org/W2125118959","https://openalex.org/W2142786738","https://openalex.org/W2157321686","https://openalex.org/W2163886442","https://openalex.org/W2184727433","https://openalex.org/W2281000252","https://openalex.org/W2315258102","https://openalex.org/W2318553756","https://openalex.org/W2338894643","https://openalex.org/W2412830023","https://openalex.org/W2413911167","https://openalex.org/W2467741384","https://openalex.org/W2521247880","https://openalex.org/W2527329788","https://openalex.org/W2539033431","https://openalex.org/W2562461367","https://openalex.org/W2562611250","https://openalex.org/W2567880344","https://openalex.org/W2571526638","https://openalex.org/W2588251866","https://openalex.org/W2590646629","https://openalex.org/W2599811973","https://openalex.org/W2607592175","https://openalex.org/W2950958145","https://openalex.org/W3099395583","https://openalex.org/W3101195009","https://openalex.org/W4253763636","https://openalex.org/W6686632224","https://openalex.org/W6695290721","https://openalex.org/W6731866544"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037328426","https://openalex.org/W1990914742","https://openalex.org/W3106536224","https://openalex.org/W2891033441","https://openalex.org/W2890371384","https://openalex.org/W2315521504","https://openalex.org/W2006559622","https://openalex.org/W2040756827","https://openalex.org/W2051769241","https://openalex.org/W2773863718"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"Probabilistic":[1],"Weighted":[2],"Archetypal":[3,36],"Analysis":[4,37],"method":[5],"with":[6,97],"Earth":[7],"Mover\u2019s":[8],"Distance":[9],"(PWAA-EMD)":[10],"is":[11,89],"proposed":[12],"to":[13,28,121,133],"extract":[14],"endmembers":[15,108,173],"from":[16,101],"hyperspectral":[17,191],"imagery":[18],"(HSI).":[19],"The":[20,39,112,136],"PWAA-EMD":[21,64,126,140,160,180],"first":[22],"utilizes":[23],"the":[24,30,34,49,56,63,66,71,86,92,102,106,123,143,147,159,170,179,190],"EMD":[25,40],"dissimilarity":[26,57],"matrix":[27,32],"weight":[29],"coefficient":[31],"in":[33,48,146,167],"regular":[35],"(AA).":[38],"metric":[41],"considers":[42],"manifold":[43],"structures":[44],"of":[45,125,150,172],"spectral":[46,151],"signatures":[47],"HSI":[50],"data":[51],"and":[52,69,105,114,127,155],"could":[53,181],"better":[54],"quantify":[55],"features":[58],"among":[59],"pairwise":[60],"pixels.":[61],"Second,":[62],"adopts":[65],"Bayesian":[67],"framework":[68],"formulates":[70],"improved":[72],"AA":[73,166],"into":[74],"a":[75,81,98],"probabilistic":[76],"inference":[77],"problem":[78,88],"by":[79,91],"maximizing":[80],"joint":[82],"posterior":[83],"density.":[84],"Third,":[85],"optimization":[87],"solved":[90],"iterative":[93],"multiplicative":[94],"update":[95],"scheme,":[96],"careful":[99],"initialization":[100],"two-stage":[103],"algorithm":[104],"proper":[107],"are":[109,119,131],"finally":[110],"obtained.":[111],"synthetic":[113],"real":[115],"Cuprite":[116],"Hyperspectral":[117],"datasets":[118],"utilized":[120],"verify":[122],"performance":[124],"five":[128,144],"popular":[129],"methods":[130,145],"implemented":[132],"make":[134],"comparisons.":[135],"results":[137,149],"show":[138],"that":[139],"surpasses":[141],"all":[142,169],"average":[148],"angle":[152],"distance":[153],"(SAD)":[154],"root-mean-square-error":[156],"(RMSE).":[157],"Especially,":[158],"obtains":[161],"more":[162],"accurate":[163],"estimation":[164],"than":[165],"almost":[168],"classes":[171],"including":[174],"two":[175],"similar":[176],"ones.":[177],"Therefore,":[178],"be":[182],"an":[183],"alternative":[184],"choice":[185],"for":[186],"endmember":[187],"extraction":[188],"on":[189],"data.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
