{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2624854028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9060598","title":"Evaluating Site-Specific and Generic Spatial Models of Aboveground Forest Biomass Based on Landsat Time-Series and LiDAR Strip Samples in the Eastern USA","display_name":"Evaluating Site-Specific and Generic Spatial Models of Aboveground Forest Biomass Based on Landsat Time-Series and LiDAR Strip Samples in the Eastern USA","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2624854028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9060598","mag":"2624854028"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9060598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9060598","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/6/598/pdf?version=1497424686","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/6/598/pdf?version=1497424686","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026864044","display_name":"Ram K. Deo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0639-814X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322780083","display_name":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/056vcnr65","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322780083"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ram Deo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Ave. North, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Ave. North, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322780083","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008534219","display_name":"Matthew B. Russell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-9650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322780083","display_name":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/056vcnr65","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322780083"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Russell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Ave. North, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Ave. North, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322780083","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008085187","display_name":"Grant M. Domke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0485-0355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107718","display_name":"Northern Research Station","ror":"https://ror.org/019jdc178","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210107718"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grant Domke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northern Research Station, Forest Inventory and Analysis, USDA Forest Service, 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northern Research Station, Forest Inventory and Analysis, USDA Forest Service, 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107718"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018770694","display_name":"Hans\u2010Erik Andersen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124557","display_name":"Pacific Northwest Research Station","ror":"https://ror.org/02s42ys89","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210124557"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans-Erik Andersen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124557","https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063686564","display_name":"Warren B. Cohen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3144-9532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124557","display_name":"Pacific Northwest Research Station","ror":"https://ror.org/02s42ys89","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210124557"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Warren Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97731, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97731, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124557"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039275273","display_name":"Christopher W. Woodall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8076-6214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107718","display_name":"Northern Research Station","ror":"https://ror.org/019jdc178","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210107718"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Woodall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northern Research Station, Center for Research on Ecosystem Change, USDA Forest Service, 271 Mast Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northern Research Station, Center for Research on Ecosystem Change, USDA Forest Service, 271 Mast Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107718"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026864044"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516","https://openalex.org/I1322780083"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.463,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94753848,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"6","first_page":"598","last_page":"598"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12713","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6946411728858948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.6517701148986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.5932912826538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.546898603439331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","score":0.4929015636444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.3300544023513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.22711926698684692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2217000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.056746482849121094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6946411728858948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.6517701148986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5932912826538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.546898603439331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.4929015636444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.3300544023513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.22711926698684692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2217000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.056746482849121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9060598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9060598","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/6/598/pdf?version=1497424686","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/9/6/598/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs9060598","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9060598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9060598","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/6/598/pdf?version=1497424686","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3447747912","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"14-JV-11242305-012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337809","funder_display_name":"Northern Research Station"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7127158503","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNH13AW62I","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332478","display_name":"U.S. Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmjc935"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337809","display_name":"Northern Research Station","ror":"https://ror.org/019jdc178"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2624854028.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2624854028.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35344886","https://openalex.org/W273955616","https://openalex.org/W1024118997","https://openalex.org/W1476776918","https://openalex.org/W1513618424","https://openalex.org/W1527011892","https://openalex.org/W1543147329","https://openalex.org/W1562755639","https://openalex.org/W1618618794","https://openalex.org/W1769790805","https://openalex.org/W1775812913","https://openalex.org/W1864007918","https://openalex.org/W1966946865","https://openalex.org/W1968474682","https://openalex.org/W1969866530","https://openalex.org/W1971271947","https://openalex.org/W1978642993","https://openalex.org/W1979144473","https://openalex.org/W1979210946","https://openalex.org/W1980403882","https://openalex.org/W1981032380","https://openalex.org/W1981855554","https://openalex.org/W1982121855","https://openalex.org/W1992679269","https://openalex.org/W1993136575","https://openalex.org/W1996263757","https://openalex.org/W2000648382","https://openalex.org/W2006429183","https://openalex.org/W2023119708","https://openalex.org/W2043962305","https://openalex.org/W2046735139","https://openalex.org/W2063757041","https://openalex.org/W2073163280","https://openalex.org/W2074723377","https://openalex.org/W2082750530","https://openalex.org/W2085520997","https://openalex.org/W2085741981","https://openalex.org/W2090166704","https://openalex.org/W2105770001","https://openalex.org/W2109631166","https://openalex.org/W2113249705","https://openalex.org/W2117141344","https://openalex.org/W2118364838","https://openalex.org/W2121028877","https://openalex.org/W2121212061","https://openalex.org/W2127354426","https://openalex.org/W2131303771","https://openalex.org/W2131472136","https://openalex.org/W2133613984","https://openalex.org/W2137933418","https://openalex.org/W2144702453","https://openalex.org/W2145167036","https://openalex.org/W2147259778","https://openalex.org/W2153534477","https://openalex.org/W2162416391","https://openalex.org/W2184594376","https://openalex.org/W2250108340","https://openalex.org/W2266591399","https://openalex.org/W2273297058","https://openalex.org/W2314303351","https://openalex.org/W2319629626","https://openalex.org/W2323137278","https://openalex.org/W2416348879","https://openalex.org/W2473365506","https://openalex.org/W2482464033","https://openalex.org/W2488801609","https://openalex.org/W2506394576","https://openalex.org/W2510217851","https://openalex.org/W2515103970","https://openalex.org/W2555220256","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2915278450","https://openalex.org/W3123173823","https://openalex.org/W4300840064","https://openalex.org/W4399496168","https://openalex.org/W6610017368","https://openalex.org/W6634098654","https://openalex.org/W6636582034","https://openalex.org/W6645714515","https://openalex.org/W6668782530","https://openalex.org/W6722717095","https://openalex.org/W6726211451"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4281783339","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W2351984678","https://openalex.org/W2140032575","https://openalex.org/W2011860471","https://openalex.org/W2012196540","https://openalex.org/W3011451421"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large-area":[0],"assessment":[1,298],"of":[2,80,97,116,139,205,238,241,256,265],"aboveground":[3],"tree":[4],"biomass":[5],"(AGB)":[6],"to":[7,36,76,92,104,113,121,261,291],"inform":[8],"regional":[9],"or":[10],"national":[11,176],"forest":[12,41,152,177],"monitoring":[13],"programs":[14],"can":[15],"be":[16],"efficiently":[17],"carried":[18],"out":[19],"by":[20,274],"combining":[21],"remotely":[22],"sensed":[23],"data":[24,44,169,180],"and":[25,52,69,99,149,162,199,218,224,243,268,277],"field":[26],"sample":[27],"measurements":[28],"through":[29],"a":[30,285],"generic":[31,81,98,201,229,276,286],"statistical":[32,73,239],"model,":[33],"in":[34,125,303],"contrast":[35],"site-specific":[37,86,100,198,212,278,293],"models.":[38,87,202],"We":[39,184,282],"integrated":[40],"inventory":[42,178],"plot":[43],"with":[45,189,193,210,254],"spatial":[46],"predictors":[47],"from":[48],"Landsat":[49,119],"time-series":[50,115],"imagery":[51],"LiDAR":[53,132],"strip":[54,133],"samples":[55,134],"at":[56],"four":[57],"sites":[58,83,302],"across":[59,299],"the":[60,78,94,114,126,150,164,182,190,197,200,211,228,247,257,262,266,275,292,304],"eastern":[61,305],"USA\u2014Minnesota":[62],"(MN),":[63],"Maine":[64],"(ME),":[65],"Pennsylvania-New":[66],"Jersey":[67],"(PANJ)":[68],"South":[70],"Carolina":[71],"(SC)\u2014in":[72],"modeling":[74],"frameworks":[75],"analyze":[77],"performance":[79],"(all":[82],"combined)":[84],"versus":[85],"The":[88,171,203],"major":[89],"objective":[90],"was":[91,111],"evaluate":[93],"prediction":[95],"accuracy":[96],"models":[101,140,172,213,279,294],"when":[102],"applied":[103,112],"particular":[105],"sites.":[106],"Pixel-level":[107],"polynomial":[108],"model":[109,230,287],"fitting":[110],"near-anniversary":[117],"date":[118],"variables":[120],"obtain":[122],"projected":[123],"metrics":[124],"target":[127],"year":[128],"2014":[129],"for":[130,159,163,181,195,220,246,295],"which":[131],"were":[135,157,173,214,280],"available.":[136],"Two":[137],"forms":[138],"based":[141],"on":[142],"ordinary":[143],"least-squares":[144],"multiple":[145],"linear":[146],"regressions":[147],"(MLR)":[148],"random":[151],"(RF)":[153],"machine":[154],"learning":[155],"approach":[156],"developed":[158],"each":[160],"site":[161],"pooled":[165],"(i.e.,":[166],"generic)":[167],"reference":[168],"frame.":[170],"evaluated":[174],"using":[175],"(NFI)":[179],"USA.":[183,306],"observed":[185,242,267],"stronger":[186],"fit":[187],"statistics":[188],"MLR":[191],"than":[192],"RF":[194],"both":[196],"proportions":[204],"variances":[206],"explained":[207],"(adjusted":[208],"R2)":[209],"0.86,":[215],"0.78,":[216],"0.82":[217],"0.92":[219],"ME,":[221],"MN,":[222],"PANJ":[223],"SC,":[225],"respectively":[226],"while":[227],"had":[231],"adjusted":[232],"R2":[233],"=":[234],"0.85.":[235],"A":[236],"test":[237],"equivalence":[240,253],"predicted":[244,269],"AGB":[245,297],"NFI":[248],"locations":[249],"did":[250],"not":[251],"reveal":[252],"any":[255],"models,":[258],"possibly":[259],"due":[260],"different":[263],"resolutions":[264],"data.":[270],"In":[271],"contrast,":[272],"predictions":[273],"equivalent.":[281],"conclude":[283],"that":[284],"provides":[288],"accuracies":[289],"comparable":[290],"large-area":[296],"our":[300],"study":[301]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}