{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2618139207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9060532","title":"The Relationship between Urban Land Surface Material Fractions and Brightness Temperature Based on MESMA","display_name":"The Relationship between Urban Land Surface Material Fractions and Brightness Temperature Based on MESMA","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2618139207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9060532","mag":"2618139207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9060532","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9060532","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/6/532/pdf?version=1495870286","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/6/532/pdf?version=1495870286","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063406632","display_name":"Tao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6965-1256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019160686","display_name":"Xujia Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8024-5416"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xujia Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujian Surveying and Mapping Institute, Fuzhou 350003, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Surveying and Mapping Institute, Fuzhou 350003, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063163226","display_name":"Ruiqing Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0862-7890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruiqing Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063406632"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.3078,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5915856,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"6","first_page":"532","last_page":"532"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impervious-surface","display_name":"Impervious surface","score":0.9205743670463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endmember","display_name":"Endmember","score":0.8670196533203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6653162240982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.6551657915115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-brightness","display_name":"Surface brightness","score":0.5535512566566467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.5395170450210571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.49088364839553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4734111428260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.36616358160972595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.35116398334503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.34033554792404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.23726877570152283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.10295453667640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09055924415588379}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2668921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434713","display_name":"Impervious surface","level":2,"score":0.9205743670463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58237817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5376204","display_name":"Endmember","level":3,"score":0.8670196533203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6653162240982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.6551657915115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91228026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048103","display_name":"Surface brightness","level":3,"score":0.5535512566566467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.5395170450210571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.49088364839553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4734111428260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.36616358160972595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.35116398334503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.34033554792404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.23726877570152283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.10295453667640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09055924415588379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9060532","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9060532","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/6/532/pdf?version=1495870286","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9a436464e86c4fe9b4b98eb429c79f49","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9a436464e86c4fe9b4b98eb429c79f49","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 9, Iss 6, p 532 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/9/6/532/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs9060532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9060532","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9060532","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/6/532/pdf?version=1495870286","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4576860551","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"A1213","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G806913823","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61601418","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2618139207.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2618139207.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1706565946","https://openalex.org/W1885836281","https://openalex.org/W1980891198","https://openalex.org/W1988797124","https://openalex.org/W2000314493","https://openalex.org/W2015502627","https://openalex.org/W2025590188","https://openalex.org/W2036670520","https://openalex.org/W2038152541","https://openalex.org/W2043579401","https://openalex.org/W2046723811","https://openalex.org/W2049827513","https://openalex.org/W2055718260","https://openalex.org/W2059515884","https://openalex.org/W2060152183","https://openalex.org/W2076447280","https://openalex.org/W2085918337","https://openalex.org/W2089944219","https://openalex.org/W2091523418","https://openalex.org/W2094774389","https://openalex.org/W2101678239","https://openalex.org/W2105428530","https://openalex.org/W2110456190","https://openalex.org/W2111841905","https://openalex.org/W2117706739","https://openalex.org/W2128802552","https://openalex.org/W2136635809","https://openalex.org/W2140287553","https://openalex.org/W2144881411","https://openalex.org/W2150323249","https://openalex.org/W2157428052","https://openalex.org/W2172063876","https://openalex.org/W2177061355","https://openalex.org/W2219960623","https://openalex.org/W2234850500","https://openalex.org/W2266902344","https://openalex.org/W2284878881","https://openalex.org/W2292893424","https://openalex.org/W2310212333","https://openalex.org/W2320282811","https://openalex.org/W2355151325","https://openalex.org/W2371142633","https://openalex.org/W2373789161","https://openalex.org/W2381857953","https://openalex.org/W2385893434","https://openalex.org/W2386032660","https://openalex.org/W2386467379","https://openalex.org/W2474983499","https://openalex.org/W2481688151","https://openalex.org/W2563705800","https://openalex.org/W4230104286","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6662355232","https://openalex.org/W6665214219","https://openalex.org/W6673536413","https://openalex.org/W6674089996","https://openalex.org/W6685453127","https://openalex.org/W6696418490","https://openalex.org/W6700288193","https://openalex.org/W7034216713","https://openalex.org/W7047358918"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136635809","https://openalex.org/W2018409903","https://openalex.org/W2122965290","https://openalex.org/W2039688465","https://openalex.org/W2051369786","https://openalex.org/W4214827030","https://openalex.org/W2955751284","https://openalex.org/W2347786826","https://openalex.org/W2163622029","https://openalex.org/W2188194475"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,97,140],"relationship":[1,83],"between":[2,84],"urban":[3,19],"land":[4,92],"surface":[5,45,93,160],"material":[6],"fractions":[7,39,86,121,149],"(ULSMFs)":[8],"and":[9,43,73,90,157],"brightness":[10,46,94],"temperature":[11,47,95,131],"has":[12],"long":[13],"attracted":[14],"attention":[15],"in":[16,40,54,87,114,127],"research":[17],"on":[18,58,166,178],"environments.":[20],"In":[21],"this":[22],"paper,":[23],"a":[24,66,74,163,175],"multiple":[25],"endmember":[26,148],"spectral":[27],"mixture":[28],"analysis":[29,77],"(MESMA)":[30],"method":[31],"was":[32,48],"applied":[33,79],"to":[34,80,129],"extract":[35],"vegetation-impervious":[36],"surface-soil":[37],"(V-I-S)":[38],"each":[41,88],"pixel,":[42],"the":[44,52,55,59,82,85,91,103,108,112,119,130,146,158,167,170,179],"derived":[49],"by":[50],"using":[51],"radiation":[53],"upper":[56],"atmosphere,":[57],"basis":[60],"of":[61,107,122,150,154,172],"Landsat":[62],"8":[63],"images.":[64],"Then,":[65],"clustering":[67],"analysis,":[68],"ternary":[69],"triangular":[70],"chart":[71],"(TTC),":[72],"multivariate":[75],"statistical":[76],"were":[78,116],"ascertain":[81],"pixel":[89],"(LSBT).":[96],"hypsometric":[98],"TTC,":[99],"as":[100,102],"well":[101],"geographical":[104],"distribution":[105,132],"features":[106],"LSBT,":[109,156,168],"revealed":[110],"that":[111,145],"changes":[113],"LSBT":[115],"associated":[117],"with":[118,136],"high":[120],"impervious":[123,159],"surfaces":[124],"(or":[125],"vegetation),":[126],"addition":[128],"differences":[133],"across":[134],"locations":[135],"varying":[137],"land-cover":[138],"types.":[139],"data":[141],"fitting":[142],"results":[143],"showed":[144],"comprehensive":[147],"V-I-S":[151],"explained":[152],"98.6%":[153],"fluctuating":[155],"fraction":[161,171],"had":[162,174],"positive":[164],"impact":[165,177],"whereas":[169],"vegetation":[173],"negative":[176],"LSBT.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}