{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2615432987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9050497","title":"Multi-Decadal Surface Water Dynamics in North American Tundra","display_name":"Multi-Decadal Surface Water Dynamics in North American Tundra","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2615432987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9050497","mag":"2615432987"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9050497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9050497","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/5/497/pdf?version=1495112076","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/5/497/pdf?version=1495112076","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018699872","display_name":"Mark Carroll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6829-7961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144891","display_name":"Science Systems and Applications (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03xec1444","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark Carroll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA","NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA","Science Systems and Applications Incorporated, Lanham, MD 20706, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Systems and Applications Incorporated, Lanham, MD 20706, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046800310","display_name":"Tatiana Loboda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-2447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tatiana Loboda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018699872"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210144891","https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.1901,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91446908,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"5","first_page":"497","last_page":"497"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10017","display_name":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tundra","display_name":"Tundra","score":0.8336125016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.47725793719291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.29873907566070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic","display_name":"Arctic","score":0.23206019401550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.21749866008758545}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125069764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43262","display_name":"Tundra","level":3,"score":0.8336125016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.47725793719291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.29873907566070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518008717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"Arctic","level":2,"score":0.23206019401550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.21749866008758545}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9050497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9050497","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/5/497/pdf?version=1495112076","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/9/5/497/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs9050497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9050497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9050497","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/5/497/pdf?version=1495112076","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2615432987.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2615432987.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510808113","https://openalex.org/W1531301625","https://openalex.org/W1533724754","https://openalex.org/W1576898678","https://openalex.org/W1632765496","https://openalex.org/W1758254481","https://openalex.org/W1863178690","https://openalex.org/W1964409545","https://openalex.org/W1968289388","https://openalex.org/W1970283500","https://openalex.org/W1974968257","https://openalex.org/W1980225565","https://openalex.org/W1982379278","https://openalex.org/W1989823475","https://openalex.org/W1992889910","https://openalex.org/W1997309697","https://openalex.org/W1998515817","https://openalex.org/W1999191006","https://openalex.org/W1999878304","https://openalex.org/W2001500773","https://openalex.org/W2006490569","https://openalex.org/W2011500029","https://openalex.org/W2020795785","https://openalex.org/W2027047186","https://openalex.org/W2027649198","https://openalex.org/W2035444882","https://openalex.org/W2044454319","https://openalex.org/W2052019986","https://openalex.org/W2067806491","https://openalex.org/W2078860594","https://openalex.org/W2089998669","https://openalex.org/W2091396234","https://openalex.org/W2097710862","https://openalex.org/W2100468073","https://openalex.org/W2109692532","https://openalex.org/W2113613046","https://openalex.org/W2121374314","https://openalex.org/W2123807796","https://openalex.org/W2132298983","https://openalex.org/W2134591556","https://openalex.org/W2137734568","https://openalex.org/W2141226893","https://openalex.org/W2142119938","https://openalex.org/W2143012228","https://openalex.org/W2149290009","https://openalex.org/W2162037254","https://openalex.org/W2168174304","https://openalex.org/W2272473773","https://openalex.org/W2492857003","https://openalex.org/W2560167313","https://openalex.org/W2990710814","https://openalex.org/W3122649433","https://openalex.org/W6636580967","https://openalex.org/W6650589909","https://openalex.org/W6650866538","https://openalex.org/W6655741486","https://openalex.org/W6661638885","https://openalex.org/W6662953657","https://openalex.org/W6673482439"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2134517543","https://openalex.org/W2154307361","https://openalex.org/W1881036256","https://openalex.org/W3004706684","https://openalex.org/W2364569959","https://openalex.org/W69759062","https://openalex.org/W4212868174","https://openalex.org/W2107314190","https://openalex.org/W4205945455","https://openalex.org/W2130153215"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0,119],"the":[1,7,11,64,102,127,158],"last":[2],"several":[3],"decades,":[4],"warming":[5],"in":[6,15,24,29,35,41,80,83,141,155,163],"Arctic":[8],"has":[9,26],"outpaced":[10],"already":[12],"impressive":[13],"increases":[14,23],"global":[16],"mean":[17],"temperatures.":[18],"The":[19,52,107,165],"impact":[20],"of":[21,32,45,66,72,92,105,110,146],"these":[22],"temperature":[25],"been":[27,124],"observed":[28],"a":[30,89,135,150,173],"multitude":[31],"ecological":[33],"changes":[34,40],"North":[36],"American":[37],"tundra":[38,73],"including":[39],"vegetative":[42],"cover,":[43],"depth":[44],"active":[46],"layer,":[47],"and":[48,56,115],"surface":[49,142],"water":[50,68,78,111,121,147,170,181],"extent.":[51],"low":[53],"topographic":[54],"relief":[55],"continuous":[57],"permafrost":[58],"create":[59],"an":[60],"ideal":[61],"environment":[62],"for":[63,169],"formation":[65],"small":[67],"bodies\u2014a":[69],"definitive":[70],"feature":[71],"surface.":[74],"In":[75],"this":[76],"study,":[77],"bodies":[79,122,148,171],"Nunavut":[81],"territory":[82],"northern":[84],"Canada":[85],"were":[86,117,153,161],"mapped":[87],"using":[88],"long-term":[90],"record":[91],"remotely":[93],"sensed":[94],"observations":[95],"at":[96],"30":[97],"m":[98],"spatial":[99],"resolution":[100],"from":[101],"Landsat":[103],"suite":[104],"instruments.":[106],"temporal":[108],"trajectories":[109],"extent":[112],"between":[113],"1985":[114],"2015":[116],"assessed.":[118],"675,000":[120],"have":[123],"identified":[125],"over":[126,132],"31-year":[128],"study":[129],"period":[130],"with":[131,149,172],"168,000":[133],"showing":[134],"significant":[136,151,174],"(p":[137],"<":[138],"0.05)":[139],"trend":[140,152,168,175],"area.":[143],"Approximately":[144],"55%":[145],"increasing":[154],"size":[156],"while":[157],"remaining":[159],"45%":[160],"decreasing":[162],"size.":[164],"overall":[166],"net":[167],"is":[176],"0.009":[177],"ha":[178],"year\u22121":[179],"per":[180],"body.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}