{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2613919041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9050481","title":"Identifying the Lambertian Property of Ground Surfaces in the Thermal Infrared Region via Field Experiments","display_name":"Identifying the Lambertian Property of Ground Surfaces in the Thermal Infrared Region via Field Experiments","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2613919041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9050481","mag":"2613919041"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9050481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9050481","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/5/481/pdf?version=1494834284","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/5/481/pdf?version=1494834284","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102911669","display_name":"Lili Tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3831-4668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108914","display_name":"Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrzdp21","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108914","https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138501","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0313jb750","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lili Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China","School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3831-4668","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108914","https://openalex.org/I4210138501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012782128","display_name":"Zhihao Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9810-5609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108914","display_name":"Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrzdp21","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108914","https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138501","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0313jb750","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhihao Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108914","https://openalex.org/I4210138501"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101884317","display_name":"Lechan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9455-2399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108914","display_name":"Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrzdp21","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108914","https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138501","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0313jb750","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lechan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China","School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108914","https://openalex.org/I4210138501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100455953","display_name":"Fei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3032-3815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108914","display_name":"Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrzdp21","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108914","https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138501","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0313jb750","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China","School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108914","https://openalex.org/I4210138501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100735724","display_name":"Jun Geng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5562-6006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101127455","display_name":"Shuhe Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuhe Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China","School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012782128"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108914","https://openalex.org/I4210138501"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":0.771,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68054848,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"5","first_page":"481","last_page":"481"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiance","display_name":"Radiance","score":0.8899471759796143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6513446569442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5947492122650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zenith","display_name":"Zenith","score":0.5508565306663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.5287993550300598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.47269725799560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homogeneous","display_name":"Homogeneous","score":0.4548623263835907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.37598592042922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19089394807815552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.17038622498512268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23690007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411145","display_name":"Radiance","level":2,"score":0.8899471759796143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6513446569442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5947492122650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53970728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82806","display_name":"Zenith","level":2,"score":0.5508565306663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.5287993550300598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.47269725799560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66882249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169336","display_name":"Homogeneous","level":2,"score":0.4548623263835907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.37598592042922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19089394807815552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.17038622498512268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9050481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9050481","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/5/481/pdf?version=1494834284","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:94d468520cf342ccab8cbdea893b2c17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/94d468520cf342ccab8cbdea893b2c17","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 9, Iss 5, p 481 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/9/5/481/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs9050481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 9; Issue 5; Pages: 481","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9050481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9050481","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/5/481/pdf?version=1494834284","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5329791996","display_name":"\u70ed\u7ea2\u5916\u9065\u611f\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\u6709\u4e91\u50cf\u5143\u7684\u5730\u8868\u6e29\u5ea6\u4f30\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41471300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2613919041.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966178090","https://openalex.org/W1974262873","https://openalex.org/W1979117324","https://openalex.org/W1981013915","https://openalex.org/W1987893159","https://openalex.org/W1988456065","https://openalex.org/W1988724726","https://openalex.org/W1996149277","https://openalex.org/W1997600781","https://openalex.org/W1999966683","https://openalex.org/W2001597662","https://openalex.org/W2004421671","https://openalex.org/W2006372398","https://openalex.org/W2007874175","https://openalex.org/W2011947156","https://openalex.org/W2012686349","https://openalex.org/W2018505754","https://openalex.org/W2020520344","https://openalex.org/W2021415319","https://openalex.org/W2023073663","https://openalex.org/W2023306858","https://openalex.org/W2023462534","https://openalex.org/W2027705737","https://openalex.org/W2041482177","https://openalex.org/W2041497050","https://openalex.org/W2043568360","https://openalex.org/W2051893691","https://openalex.org/W2056349904","https://openalex.org/W2058529145","https://openalex.org/W2061655662","https://openalex.org/W2062840750","https://openalex.org/W2063124853","https://openalex.org/W2067999031","https://openalex.org/W2069711518","https://openalex.org/W2073431126","https://openalex.org/W2074436038","https://openalex.org/W2076139004","https://openalex.org/W2076876159","https://openalex.org/W2081638239","https://openalex.org/W2082271913","https://openalex.org/W2083463138","https://openalex.org/W2085447740","https://openalex.org/W2112662635","https://openalex.org/W2113031533","https://openalex.org/W2113034257","https://openalex.org/W2117884339","https://openalex.org/W2120607258","https://openalex.org/W2126884030","https://openalex.org/W2127078475","https://openalex.org/W2127437631","https://openalex.org/W2130219512","https://openalex.org/W2144667098","https://openalex.org/W2159454708","https://openalex.org/W2161005057","https://openalex.org/W2168078367","https://openalex.org/W2174905165","https://openalex.org/W2175890867","https://openalex.org/W2320072007","https://openalex.org/W2347417045","https://openalex.org/W2353687400","https://openalex.org/W2381357383","https://openalex.org/W2482388105","https://openalex.org/W2913921603","https://openalex.org/W4237848292","https://openalex.org/W6671204868"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2896728493","https://openalex.org/W2392142157","https://openalex.org/W2043512367","https://openalex.org/W4321518006","https://openalex.org/W2331836163","https://openalex.org/W2024462231","https://openalex.org/W2005276308","https://openalex.org/W1994657804","https://openalex.org/W1970182911","https://openalex.org/W2347721387"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lambertian":[0,32,38,266,322,346],"surfaces":[1,26,33,39,77],"represent":[2],"an":[3,202,290],"important":[4,291],"assumption":[5],"when":[6],"constructing":[7],"thermal":[8,28,42,85,270,298,349],"radiance":[9,187,193,226],"transfer":[10],"equations":[11],"for":[12,48,80,117,233],"remote":[13],"sensing":[14],"observations":[15],"of":[16,24,63,70,120,130,180,191,195,236,240,246,280,297,303],"ground":[17,25,51,72,76,99,121,253,305],"surface":[18,52,306,315,323,333],"temperatures.":[19],"We":[20],"identify":[21],"the":[22,68,81,118,177,186,192,205,214,225,230,237,241,251,256,259,269,278,281,294,304,332,345],"properties":[23,69,267],"in":[27,45,126,224,268,348],"infrared":[29,271],"regions":[30,129],"as":[31],"via":[34,201],"field":[35,64],"experiments.":[36],"Because":[37],"present":[40],"homogeneous":[41],"emissions":[43,100],"levels":[44,227],"hemispheric":[46],"directions":[47,302],"a":[49,61,313,321],"specific":[50,54],"under":[53,307],"kinetic":[55],"temperatures":[56],"and":[57,91,110,136,141,158,168,183,204,258],"emissions,":[58],"we":[59,285,337],"conducted":[60,125,174],"series":[62],"experiments":[65,82,248],"to":[66,83,97,175,184,213,277,319,344],"illustrate":[67],"such":[71],"surfaces.":[73],"Four":[74],"typical":[75],"were":[78,95,115,124,161,172,199,211],"selected":[79,252,282],"observe":[84,98],"emissions:":[86],"bare":[87,260],"soil,":[88,261],"grass,":[89],"water,":[90],"concrete.":[92],"Radiance":[93],"thermometers":[94],"used":[96],"from":[101,300],"seven":[102,231],"directions:":[103],"30\u00b0,":[104],"45\u00b0,":[105],"60\u00b0,":[106],"90\u00b0,":[107],"120\u00b0,":[108],"135\u00b0,":[109],"150\u00b0.":[111],"Solar":[112],"zenith":[113],"angles":[114,148,182,232],"considered":[116],"observation":[119,147,181],"emissions.":[122],"Experiments":[123],"five":[127],"different":[128,146,151,301],"China":[131],"(Beijing,":[132],"Nanjing,":[133],"Xilinguole,":[134],"Yongzhou,":[135],"Jiangmen)":[137],"during":[138],"both":[139],"daytime":[140],"nighttime.":[142],"To":[143],"determine":[144],"whether":[145,310],"have":[149],"significantly":[150],"effects":[152],"on":[153,327],"radiance,":[154],"statistical":[155],"analyses":[156],"(ANOVA":[157],"Friedman":[159,215],"test)":[160],"conducted.":[162],"Post":[163],"hoc":[164],"multiple":[165,170],"comparison":[166],"tests":[167],"pairwise":[169],"comparisons":[171],"also":[173],"examine":[176],"various":[178],"pairings":[179],"measure":[185],"differences.":[188],"Roughly":[189],"half":[190],"groups":[194,207],"all":[196,235],"observed":[197,295],"sites":[198,238],"tested":[200],"ANOVA,":[203],"remaining":[206],"with":[208,265],"unequal":[209],"variances":[210],"subjected":[212],"test.":[216],"The":[217,244],"results":[218,245],"indicate":[219,249],"that":[220,250,287,340],"statistically":[221],"significant":[222],"differences":[223],"occurred":[228],"among":[229],"almost":[234],"(39":[239],"40":[242],"groups).":[243],"our":[247],"surfaces,":[254],"especially":[255],"grass":[257],"may":[262],"not":[263,312],"behave":[264],"region.":[272],"This":[273],"is":[274,289,334,342],"probably":[275],"attributed":[276],"roughness":[279,288],"surface,":[283],"because":[284],"found":[286],"factor":[292],"affecting":[293],"magnitude":[296],"emission":[299],"study.":[308],"Therefore,":[309],"or":[311],"terrestrial":[314],"can":[316,338],"be":[317,320,325],"assumed":[318],"should":[324],"based":[326],"their":[328],"geometric":[329],"structure.":[330],"When":[331],"relatively":[335],"smooth,":[336],"say":[339],"it":[341],"close":[343],"property":[347],"emission.":[350]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
