{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2612076836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9050469","title":"An Automatic Shadow Detection Method for VHR Remote Sensing Orthoimagery","display_name":"An Automatic Shadow Detection Method for VHR Remote Sensing Orthoimagery","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2612076836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9050469","mag":"2612076836"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9050469","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9050469","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/5/469/pdf?version=1494496958","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/5/469/pdf?version=1494496958","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087297413","display_name":"Qiongjie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6929-2879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiongjie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044602576","display_name":"Li Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5507-810X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047576305","display_name":"Qiangqiang Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7140-2224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiangqiang Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088320031","display_name":"Zhenling Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6327-7726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44675526","display_name":"Shanghai Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n40zv07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenling Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Ocean Mapping and Applications, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Ocean Mapping and Applications, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044602576"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.3581,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.930469,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"5","first_page":"469","last_page":"469"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7738523483276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6997703909873962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6932529211044312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthophoto","display_name":"Orthophoto","score":0.6214166283607483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photogrammetry","display_name":"Photogrammetry","score":0.6084039211273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5854423642158508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5772002935409546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.5737432241439819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.49554550647735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-image","display_name":"Aerial image","score":0.472239226102829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2559674084186554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1772496998310089}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7738523483276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6997703909873962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6932529211044312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922585","display_name":"Orthophoto","level":2,"score":0.6214166283607483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117455697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190149","display_name":"Photogrammetry","level":2,"score":0.6084039211273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5854423642158508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5772002935409546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5737432241439819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.49554550647735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776429412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4688011","display_name":"Aerial image","level":3,"score":0.472239226102829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2559674084186554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1772496998310089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9050469","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9050469","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/5/469/pdf?version=1494496958","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f3a7c8d2290044dab13336dc7ce82cb9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f3a7c8d2290044dab13336dc7ce82cb9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 9, Iss 5, p 469 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/9/5/469/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs9050469","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 9; Issue 5; Pages: 469","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9050469","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9050469","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/5/469/pdf?version=1494496958","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2612076836.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2612076836.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544813379","https://openalex.org/W1864774065","https://openalex.org/W1963525105","https://openalex.org/W1967913888","https://openalex.org/W1984835402","https://openalex.org/W2008162142","https://openalex.org/W2012180846","https://openalex.org/W2015635283","https://openalex.org/W2035773017","https://openalex.org/W2038358063","https://openalex.org/W2044595145","https://openalex.org/W2065769426","https://openalex.org/W2076945639","https://openalex.org/W2088805832","https://openalex.org/W2088949640","https://openalex.org/W2089063443","https://openalex.org/W2095731029","https://openalex.org/W2097244687","https://openalex.org/W2098144434","https://openalex.org/W2105809628","https://openalex.org/W2109064591","https://openalex.org/W2130243567","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2135274103","https://openalex.org/W2137069078","https://openalex.org/W2137338246","https://openalex.org/W2144527376","https://openalex.org/W2147496167","https://openalex.org/W2147558395","https://openalex.org/W2252574053","https://openalex.org/W2271462986","https://openalex.org/W2412862597","https://openalex.org/W2414009677","https://openalex.org/W2414629113","https://openalex.org/W2418780032","https://openalex.org/W2517180603","https://openalex.org/W2520143873","https://openalex.org/W2596422482","https://openalex.org/W4237135290","https://openalex.org/W6653291302","https://openalex.org/W6659483329","https://openalex.org/W6679455104","https://openalex.org/W6735513905"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2063656053","https://openalex.org/W2780686954","https://openalex.org/W2558589469","https://openalex.org/W2289170574","https://openalex.org/W2393277939","https://openalex.org/W2000966632","https://openalex.org/W2820177644","https://openalex.org/W2115031585","https://openalex.org/W2384593548","https://openalex.org/W2111141735"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,71,160,191],"application":[1],"potential":[2],"of":[3,24,50,66,77,95,131,141,163,179],"very":[4],"high":[5],"resolution":[6],"(VHR)":[7],"remote":[8],"sensing":[9],"imagery":[10],"has":[11],"been":[12],"boosted":[13],"by":[14,156],"recent":[15],"developments":[16],"in":[17,29,89,111,197,200],"the":[18,48,51,75,78,86,96,99,106,112,122,126,139,142,148,153,164,168,175,180,205],"data":[19],"acquisition":[20],"and":[21,42,63,80,98,108,147,177],"processing":[22],"ability":[23],"aerial":[25,133],"photogrammetry.":[26],"However,":[27],"shadows":[28,199],"images":[30],"contribute":[31],"to":[32,57,83,104,121,124,137],"problems":[33],"such":[34],"as":[35],"incomplete":[36],"spectral":[37],"information,":[38],"lower":[39],"intensity":[40],"brightness,":[41],"fuzzy":[43],"boundaries,":[44],"which":[45],"seriously":[46],"affect":[47],"efficiency":[49],"image":[52,123],"interpretation.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"paper,":[56],"address":[58],"these":[59],"issues,":[60],"a":[61],"simple":[62],"automatic":[64],"method":[65,73,117,166,182,193],"shadow":[67,127,144],"detection":[68,145],"is":[69,118],"presented.":[70],"proposed":[72,143,165,192],"combines":[74],"advantages":[76],"property-based":[79],"geometric-based":[81],"methods":[82],"automatically":[84],"detect":[85],"shadowed":[87,107,132],"areas":[88,110,201],"VHR":[90,113],"imagery.":[91],"A":[92,115],"geometric":[93],"model":[94],"scene":[97],"solar":[100],"position":[101],"are":[102],"used":[103,136],"delineate":[105],"non-shadowed":[109],"image.":[114],"matting":[116],"then":[119],"applied":[120],"refine":[125],"mask.":[128],"Different":[129],"types":[130],"orthoimages":[134],"were":[135,150],"verify":[138],"effectiveness":[140,176],"method,":[146],"results":[149,154],"compared":[151],"with":[152,202],"obtained":[155],"two":[157,207],"state-of-the-art":[158],"methods.":[159,208],"overall":[161],"accuracy":[162],"on":[167],"three":[169],"tests":[170],"was":[171],"around":[172],"90%,":[173],"confirming":[174],"robustness":[178],"new":[181],"for":[183],"detecting":[184,198],"fine":[185],"shadows,":[186],"without":[187],"any":[188],"human":[189],"input.":[190],"also":[194],"performs":[195],"better":[196],"water":[203],"than":[204],"other":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}