{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2572320040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9010071","title":"Monitoring Annual Urban Changes in a Rapidly Growing Portion of Northwest Arkansas with a 20-Year Landsat Record","display_name":"Monitoring Annual Urban Changes in a Rapidly Growing Portion of Northwest Arkansas with a 20-Year Landsat Record","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2572320040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9010071","mag":"2572320040"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9010071","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9010071","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/1/71/pdf?version=1484309986","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/1/71/pdf?version=1484309986","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069972481","display_name":"Ryan Reynolds","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169655526","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Monticello","ror":"https://ror.org/05xn9jy83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169655526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Reynolds","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Monticello, AR 71656, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Monticello, AR 71656, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169655526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030625154","display_name":"L\u00fc Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9892-8346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169655526","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Monticello","ror":"https://ror.org/05xn9jy83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169655526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lu Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arkansas Forest Resources Center, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Monticello, AR 71656, USA","School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Monticello, AR 71656, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arkansas Forest Resources Center, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Monticello, AR 71656, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169655526"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Monticello, AR 71656, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169655526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011145539","display_name":"Xuecao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6942-0746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"XueCao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geological & Atmospheric Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geological & Atmospheric Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031385049","display_name":"John S. Dennis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0323-2136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169655526","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Monticello","ror":"https://ror.org/05xn9jy83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169655526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Dennis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Monticello, AR 71656, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Monticello, AR 71656, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169655526"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030625154"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169655526"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.5749,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88412583,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"71","last_page":"71"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"Urbanization","score":0.5461531281471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.43859755992889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pace","display_name":"Pace","score":0.4170491099357605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.404863566160202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.3663169741630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3660723567008972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3437301814556122}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.5461531281471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.43859755992889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.4170491099357605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.404863566160202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.3663169741630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3660723567008972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3437301814556122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9010071","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9010071","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/1/71/pdf?version=1484309986","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:info:ark/67531/metadc1234380","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1234380/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400792","display_name":"University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","host_organization_name":"University of North Texas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, 2017. Basel, Switzerland: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2d00f24f327e4a6094cf3119d9bf5e4f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2d00f24f327e4a6094cf3119d9bf5e4f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 9, Iss 1, p 71 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/9/1/71/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs9010071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 9; Issue 1; Pages: 71","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9010071","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9010071","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/1/71/pdf?version=1484309986","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6347344032","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1009317","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6677895380","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1009317","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332299","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326981","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332299","display_name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/05qx3fv49"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2572320040.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2572320040.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W112538790","https://openalex.org/W122525941","https://openalex.org/W639537632","https://openalex.org/W1482289351","https://openalex.org/W1531640903","https://openalex.org/W1605688901","https://openalex.org/W1972343529","https://openalex.org/W1976193075","https://openalex.org/W1981377684","https://openalex.org/W1985880012","https://openalex.org/W1997980023","https://openalex.org/W2001510610","https://openalex.org/W2004373569","https://openalex.org/W2006203995","https://openalex.org/W2009235968","https://openalex.org/W2009822284","https://openalex.org/W2014970225","https://openalex.org/W2021524677","https://openalex.org/W2024339093","https://openalex.org/W2035549557","https://openalex.org/W2039065141","https://openalex.org/W2043962305","https://openalex.org/W2044609898","https://openalex.org/W2065466107","https://openalex.org/W2068279398","https://openalex.org/W2097467169","https://openalex.org/W2102566458","https://openalex.org/W2103206342","https://openalex.org/W2122288188","https://openalex.org/W2131888993","https://openalex.org/W2137372789","https://openalex.org/W2138973222","https://openalex.org/W2140023211","https://openalex.org/W2140908571","https://openalex.org/W2142167540","https://openalex.org/W2151456308","https://openalex.org/W2152058154","https://openalex.org/W2199321793","https://openalex.org/W2208363685","https://openalex.org/W2346456240","https://openalex.org/W2405931735","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2915157699","https://openalex.org/W2989983865","https://openalex.org/W3118235193","https://openalex.org/W4245539475","https://openalex.org/W6605011009","https://openalex.org/W6636950212","https://openalex.org/W6680121253","https://openalex.org/W6687780495","https://openalex.org/W6704752133"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386723501","https://openalex.org/W2392907783","https://openalex.org/W1985072978","https://openalex.org/W2387879414","https://openalex.org/W2390304029","https://openalex.org/W891751532","https://openalex.org/W2375489112","https://openalex.org/W2370838374","https://openalex.org/W2354923724","https://openalex.org/W2354222596"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Northwest":[0,116,265],"Arkansas":[1,117],"has":[2],"undergone":[3],"a":[4,91,96,119,192],"significant":[5],"urban":[6,29,58,63,74,113,136,159,185,244,262],"transformation":[7],"in":[8,24,115,135,148,264],"the":[9,20,25,33,41,49,84,102,112,141,149,181,202,207,215,229,254],"past":[10],"several":[11],"decades":[12],"and":[13,32,43,54,83,153,174,258],"is":[14,60,81,247],"considered":[15],"to":[16,40,106,110,132,157,180,249],"be":[17,133],"one":[18],"of":[19,51,87,125,183,194,206,261],"fastest":[21],"growing":[22,259],"regions":[23],"United":[26],"States.":[27],"The":[28,242],"area":[30,137],"expansion":[31],"associated":[34],"demographic":[35],"increases":[36],"bring":[37],"unprecedented":[38,251],"pressure":[39],"environment":[42],"natural":[44],"resources.":[45],"To":[46],"better":[47],"understand":[48],"consequences":[50],"urbanization,":[52],"accurate":[53],"long-term":[55,73],"depiction":[56],"on":[57,191],"dynamics":[59,114],"critical.":[61],"Although":[62],"mapping":[64,76],"activities":[65],"using":[66],"remote":[67],"sensing":[68],"have":[69,129],"been":[70,130],"widely":[71],"conducted,":[72],"growth":[75],"at":[77],"an":[78],"annual":[79],"pace":[80],"rare":[82],"low":[85,239],"accuracy":[86,205,240],"change":[88],"detection":[89],"remains":[90],"challenge.":[92],"In":[93],"this":[94,224],"study,":[95],"time":[97],"series":[98],"Landsat":[99,143],"stack":[100],"covering":[101],"period":[103],"from":[104,160,223],"1995":[105],"2015":[107],"was":[108,177,211,234],"employed":[109],"detect":[111],"via":[118],"two-stage":[120],"classification":[121],"approach.":[122],"A":[123,166],"set":[124,193],"spectral":[126,144],"indices":[127],"that":[128,228],"proven":[131],"useful":[134],"extraction":[138],"together":[139],"with":[140,237],"original":[142],"bands":[145],"were":[146],"used":[147],"maximum":[150],"likelihood":[151],"classifier":[152,156],"random":[154],"forest":[155],"distinguish":[158],"non-urban":[161],"pixels":[162],"for":[163,187,198],"each":[164],"year.":[165],"temporal":[167,172,230],"trajectory":[168,231],"polishing":[169,232],"method,":[170],"involving":[171],"filtering":[173],"heuristic":[175],"reasoning,":[176],"then":[178],"applied":[179],"sequence":[182],"classified":[184],"maps":[186,210],"further":[188],"improvement.":[189],"Based":[190],"validation":[195],"samples":[196],"selected":[197],"five":[199],"distinct":[200],"years,":[201],"average":[203],"overall":[204],"final":[208],"polished":[209],"91%,":[212],"which":[213],"improved":[214],"preliminary":[216],"classifications":[217],"by":[218],"over":[219],"10%.":[220],"Moreover,":[221],"results":[222],"study":[225],"also":[226],"indicated":[227],"method":[233],"most":[235],"effective":[236],"initial":[238],"classifications.":[241],"resulting":[243],"dynamic":[245],"map":[246],"expected":[248],"provide":[250],"details":[252],"about":[253],"area,":[255],"spatial":[256],"configuration,":[257],"trends":[260],"land-cover":[263],"Arkansas.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}