{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2567098398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9010014","title":"Automated Reconstruction of Building LoDs from Airborne LiDAR Point Clouds Using an Improved Morphological Scale Space","display_name":"Automated Reconstruction of Building LoDs from Airborne LiDAR Point Clouds Using an Improved Morphological Scale Space","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2567098398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9010014","mag":"2567098398"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9010014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9010014","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/1/14/pdf?version=1482837786","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/1/14/pdf?version=1482837786","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100772177","display_name":"Bisheng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7736-0803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bisheng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007334941","display_name":"Ronggang Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5637-0279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ronggang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jianping Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4813-5126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianping Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086195714","display_name":"Tian Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7340-811X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mao Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113960734","display_name":"Wenxia Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxia Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039088967","display_name":"Ruofei Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-4479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruofei Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007334941","https://openalex.org/A5100772177"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.6692,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92481178,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"14","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7828822135925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.692125678062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.6686316132545471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.62543785572052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roof","display_name":"Roof","score":0.6173607707023621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5092843770980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-scanning","display_name":"Laser scanning","score":0.49421408772468567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4737556576728821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-model","display_name":"Building model","score":0.46153295040130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.43571674823760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3961459696292877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.39066562056541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.360345721244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2078893780708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.18691623210906982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.1456846296787262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.1362876296043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.1267724633216858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.10709983110427856}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7828822135925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.692125678062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.6686316132545471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.62543785572052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776748203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83180","display_name":"Roof","level":2,"score":0.6173607707023621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5092843770980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141349535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361664","display_name":"Laser scanning","level":3,"score":0.49421408772468567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4737556576728821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778530916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1352349","display_name":"Building model","level":2,"score":0.46153295040130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.43571674823760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3961459696292877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.39066562056541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.360345721244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2078893780708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18691623210906982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.1456846296787262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1362876296043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.1267724633216858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.10709983110427856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9010014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9010014","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/1/14/pdf?version=1482837786","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2d2350d2a08041cf8c9ee8a44aaa0a29","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2d2350d2a08041cf8c9ee8a44aaa0a29","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 9, Iss 1, p 14 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/9/1/14/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs9010014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs9010014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9010014","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/1/14/pdf?version=1482837786","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2487778838","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41531177","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3524990843","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFF0103501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3831618410","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201341","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4329801444","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFF0103501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4741835796","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41371431","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5449036178","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2013418025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334011","funder_display_name":"Ocean Public Welfare Scientific Research Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5853202200","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014B","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6952145127","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014BAL05B07","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8114646031","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016Y","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8275908608","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G923091349","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014BAL05B07","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334011","display_name":"Ocean Public Welfare Scientific Research Project","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2567098398.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2567098398.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W153882875","https://openalex.org/W651832393","https://openalex.org/W1611818215","https://openalex.org/W1964167192","https://openalex.org/W1971527785","https://openalex.org/W1971606443","https://openalex.org/W1973644502","https://openalex.org/W1994699846","https://openalex.org/W1996749420","https://openalex.org/W1999689597","https://openalex.org/W2001014393","https://openalex.org/W2003731033","https://openalex.org/W2009890518","https://openalex.org/W2010980358","https://openalex.org/W2022105078","https://openalex.org/W2022773386","https://openalex.org/W2023578721","https://openalex.org/W2031373452","https://openalex.org/W2037090920","https://openalex.org/W2040861824","https://openalex.org/W2044274847","https://openalex.org/W2048684659","https://openalex.org/W2054198697","https://openalex.org/W2064765926","https://openalex.org/W2066483145","https://openalex.org/W2073699178","https://openalex.org/W2077264955","https://openalex.org/W2095309371","https://openalex.org/W2124788642","https://openalex.org/W2126963761","https://openalex.org/W2136651098","https://openalex.org/W2150089019","https://openalex.org/W2154491898","https://openalex.org/W2157840858","https://openalex.org/W2260806982","https://openalex.org/W2348385415","https://openalex.org/W2495599185","https://openalex.org/W2552163339","https://openalex.org/W2578088318","https://openalex.org/W4388680028","https://openalex.org/W6606248027","https://openalex.org/W6641152819","https://openalex.org/W6656054398","https://openalex.org/W6678805538","https://openalex.org/W6682095516","https://openalex.org/W6732828655"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376","https://openalex.org/W2088131065","https://openalex.org/W2005998065","https://openalex.org/W2001220299","https://openalex.org/W4323518558","https://openalex.org/W3196715007","https://openalex.org/W4399030596","https://openalex.org/W2366440988","https://openalex.org/W2358582870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconstructing":[0],"building":[1,37,43,112,125,163,178,220,225],"models":[2,44],"at":[3,88,179],"different":[4,89,180],"levels":[5],"of":[6,67,118,145],"detail":[7],"(LoDs)":[8],"from":[9,39,47,70,91,212,222],"airborne":[10,92],"laser":[11],"scanning":[12],"point":[13,48,98],"clouds":[14,99],"is":[15,60],"urgently":[16],"needed":[17],"for":[18,64],"wide":[19],"application":[20],"as":[21],"this":[22,79],"method":[23,84,109,130,160,175,192],"can":[24],"balance":[25],"between":[26],"the":[27,40,116,128,138,143,149,158,170,173,184,190,195,223],"user\u2019s":[28],"requirements":[29],"and":[30,54,95,120,147,202,205],"economic":[31],"costs.":[32],"The":[33,57,107,186],"previous":[34],"methods":[35],"reconstruct":[36,86],"LoDs":[38,90,181,221],"finest":[41,224],"3D":[42],"rather":[45],"than":[46],"clouds,":[49],"resulting":[50],"in":[51,209],"heavy":[52],"costs":[53],"inflexible":[55],"adaptivity.":[56],"scale":[58,105,133],"space":[59,134],"a":[61,71,75,82,132],"sound":[62],"theory":[63],"multi-scale":[65],"representation":[66],"an":[68,102],"object":[69],"coarser":[72],"level":[73],"to":[74,85,183],"finer":[76],"level.":[77],"Therefore,":[78],"paper":[80],"proposes":[81],"novel":[83],"buildings":[87,196,211],"Light":[93],"Detection":[94],"Ranging":[96],"(LiDAR)":[97],"based":[100,168],"on":[101,169],"improved":[103,139],"morphological":[104,140],"space.":[106],"proposed":[108,129,159,174,191],"first":[110],"extracts":[111,162,194],"candidate":[113,126],"regions":[114],"following":[115],"separation":[117],"ground":[119],"non-ground":[121],"points.":[122,226],"For":[123],"each":[124,177],"region,":[127],"generates":[131],"by":[135,165],"iteratively":[136],"using":[137,166],"reconstruction":[141],"with":[142,197],"increase":[144],"scale,":[146],"constructs":[148],"corresponding":[150],"topological":[151],"relationship":[152],"graphs":[153],"(TRGs)":[154],"across":[155],"scales.":[156],"Secondly,":[157],"robustly":[161,193],"points":[164],"features":[167],"TRG.":[171,185],"Finally,":[172],"reconstructs":[176],"according":[182],"experiments":[187],"demonstrate":[188],"that":[189],"details":[198],"(e.g.,":[199],"door":[200],"eaves":[201],"roof":[203],"furniture)":[204],"illustrate":[206],"good":[207],"performance":[208],"distinguishing":[210],"vegetation":[213],"or":[214],"other":[215],"objects,":[216],"while":[217],"automatically":[218],"reconstructing":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}