{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2560578240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8121000","title":"Tropical Peatland Burn Depth and Combustion Heterogeneity Assessed Using UAV Photogrammetry and Airborne LiDAR","display_name":"Tropical Peatland Burn Depth and Combustion Heterogeneity Assessed Using UAV Photogrammetry and Airborne LiDAR","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2560578240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8121000","mag":"2560578240"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8121000","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8121000","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/12/1000/pdf?version=1481025145","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/12/1000/pdf?version=1481025145","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002615796","display_name":"Jake Simpson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4912-6742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jake Simpson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, King\u2019s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK","Department of Geography, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, King\u2019s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090533097","display_name":"Martin J. Wooster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6375-7949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141816643","display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141816643","https://openalex.org/I4210087105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128104","display_name":"National Centre for Earth Observation","ror":"https://ror.org/0375jbm11","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141816643","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210128104"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Wooster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, King\u2019s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK","National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Natural Environment Research Council, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK","Department of Geography, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, King\u2019s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Natural Environment Research Council, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128104","https://openalex.org/I141816643"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025761422","display_name":"Thomas E. L. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6022-5314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, King\u2019s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK","Department of Geography, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, King\u2019s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111757939","display_name":"Mandar Trivedi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321067030","display_name":"Zoological Society of London","ror":"https://ror.org/03px4ez74","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321067030"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mandar Trivedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321067030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011554450","display_name":"Ronald Vernimmen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9899-3826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103266","display_name":"Deltares","ror":"https://ror.org/01deh9c76","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103266"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Vernimmen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deltares, Boussinesqweg 1, 2629 HV Delft, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deltares, Boussinesqweg 1, 2629 HV Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078633450","display_name":"Dedi Rahman","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahman Dedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zoological Society of London Indonesia, Kota Jambi 36124, Sumatra, Indonesia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zoological Society of London Indonesia, Kota Jambi 36124, Sumatra, Indonesia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063410000","display_name":"Mulya Shakti","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mulya Shakti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zoological Society of London Indonesia, Kota Jambi 36124, Sumatra, Indonesia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zoological Society of London Indonesia, Kota Jambi 36124, Sumatra, Indonesia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053953122","display_name":"Yoan Dinata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5507-3379"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoan Dinata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zoological Society of London Indonesia, Kota Jambi 36124, Sumatra, Indonesia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zoological Society of London Indonesia, Kota Jambi 36124, Sumatra, Indonesia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002615796"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":1792,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1932},"fwci":3.4075,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9186239,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"12","first_page":"1000","last_page":"1000"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peat","display_name":"Peat","score":0.7977176904678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7008240222930908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.5944176912307739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.48015540838241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tropics","display_name":"Tropics","score":0.4755798876285553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photogrammetry","display_name":"Photogrammetry","score":0.4557792842388153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.4071540832519531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2299613356590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.22268235683441162}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53657456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184624","display_name":"Peat","level":2,"score":0.7977176904678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7008240222930908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.5944176912307739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.48015540838241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50660011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42530","display_name":"Tropics","level":2,"score":0.4755798876285553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117455697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190149","display_name":"Photogrammetry","level":2,"score":0.4557792842388153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.4071540832519531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2299613356590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.22268235683441162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8121000","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8121000","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/12/1000/pdf?version=1481025145","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:publications/80192900-49e3-4290-a764-b57b712a9fdc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/80192900-49e3-4290-a764-b57b712a9fdc","pdf_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/ws/files/61591377/remotesensing_08_01000.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400216","display_name":"Research Portal (King's College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","host_organization_name":"King's College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Simpson, J E, Wooster, M J, Smith, T E L, Trivedi, M, Vernimmen, R R E, Dedi, R, Shakti, M & Dinata, Y 2016, 'Tropical Peatland Burn Depth and Combustion Heterogeneity Assessed Using UAV Photogrammetry and Airborne LiDAR', REMOTE SENSING, vol. 8, no. 12, 1000. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8121000","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0043fa2a785a4a5f92f8a45b262ea5e3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0043fa2a785a4a5f92f8a45b262ea5e3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 8, Iss 12, p 1000 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/8/12/1000/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs8121000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 8; Issue 12; Pages: 1000","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8121000","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8121000","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/12/1000/pdf?version=1481025145","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1427025822","display_name":"KEY IN SITU MEASURES OF EL NINO EXACERBATED FIRES IN INDONESIA","funder_award_id":"NE/N01555X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2353284930","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE/L009811/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2912570788","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE/N01555X","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G305210207","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"nceo020002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4861196837","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GEF010002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320022","funder_display_name":"Sight Research UK"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5038156335","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GEF010002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5236736426","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE/N01555X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320022","funder_display_name":"Sight Research UK"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6719622506","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE/N01555X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7026197660","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"nceo020002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320022","funder_display_name":"Sight Research UK"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320022","display_name":"Sight Research UK","ror":"https://ror.org/03z2py885"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323819","display_name":"Universitas Indonesia","ror":"https://ror.org/0116zj450"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324185","display_name":"Deltares","ror":"https://ror.org/01deh9c76"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329909","display_name":"Universitas Jambi","ror":"https://ror.org/00g1w3j30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2560578240.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2560578240.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W390388763","https://openalex.org/W1513406030","https://openalex.org/W1604274158","https://openalex.org/W1773543203","https://openalex.org/W1917488611","https://openalex.org/W1932721871","https://openalex.org/W1958938772","https://openalex.org/W1965711210","https://openalex.org/W1966272358","https://openalex.org/W1971453459","https://openalex.org/W1971575659","https://openalex.org/W1978688149","https://openalex.org/W2014446516","https://openalex.org/W2027254180","https://openalex.org/W2031850322","https://openalex.org/W2037674064","https://openalex.org/W2046582814","https://openalex.org/W2058662258","https://openalex.org/W2068959477","https://openalex.org/W2072387335","https://openalex.org/W2072506696","https://openalex.org/W2077663145","https://openalex.org/W2084307570","https://openalex.org/W2093953405","https://openalex.org/W2107193166","https://openalex.org/W2119062209","https://openalex.org/W2121164470","https://openalex.org/W2132774088","https://openalex.org/W2134927874","https://openalex.org/W2143330720","https://openalex.org/W2149083610","https://openalex.org/W2155260804","https://openalex.org/W2158411533","https://openalex.org/W2162622694","https://openalex.org/W2162842531","https://openalex.org/W2167460303","https://openalex.org/W2169935409","https://openalex.org/W2198342421","https://openalex.org/W2207055384","https://openalex.org/W2296685749","https://openalex.org/W2412692005","https://openalex.org/W2436656692","https://openalex.org/W6640006620","https://openalex.org/W6718339052"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048644521","https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W3043906476","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2165069559","https://openalex.org/W2357323703","https://openalex.org/W582793329","https://openalex.org/W4388513259","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W2782283905"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,137,161,296],"provide":[1,413],"the":[2,48,93,124,158,263,267,284,302,344,353,369,377,388],"first":[3],"assessment":[4],"of":[5,9,50,52,54,66,73,78,95,98,186,200,222,254,387,390,409],"tropical":[6,36,82,115,134],"peatland":[7,37,83,116,135,326,430],"depth":[8],"burn":[10,238],"(DoB)":[11,97],"using":[12,22,153,157,376],"structure":[13],"from":[14,184,241,429],"motion":[15],"(SfM)":[16],"photogrammetry,":[17],"applied":[18],"to":[19,143,210,243,245,289,314],"imagery":[20],"collected":[21,156],"a":[23,33,139,223,250,337,385,407],"low-cost,":[24],"low-altitude":[25],"unmanned":[26],"aerial":[27],"vehicle":[28],"(UAV)":[29],"system":[30,215],"operated":[31],"over":[32,246,393],"5.2":[34,224],"ha":[35,225],"in":[38,113,118,132,330,352,364,371],"Jambi":[39],"Province":[40],"on":[41,277,305],"Sumatra,":[42],"Indonesia.":[43],"Tropical":[44],"peat":[45,227],"soils":[46],"are":[47,61,275],"result":[49],"thousands":[51],"years":[53],"dead":[55],"biomass":[56],"accumulation,":[57],"and":[58,106,148,170,202,374,415,423],"when":[59,127],"burned":[60],"globally":[62],"significant":[63,361],"net":[64],"sources":[65],"carbon":[67,317,422],"emissions.":[68],"The":[69],"El":[70],"Ni\u00f1o":[71],"year":[72,89],"2015":[74,100],"saw":[75],"huge":[76],"areas":[77,189,396],"Indonesia":[79],"affected":[80],"by":[81,176,266,375],"fires,":[84],"more":[85,181],"so":[86],"than":[87,183],"any":[88],"since":[90],"1997.":[91],"However,":[92],"Depth":[94],"Burn":[96],"these":[99,133,298],"fires":[101],"has":[102,108],"not":[103,335],"been":[104,111],"assessed,":[105],"indeed":[107],"only":[109],"previously":[110],"assessed":[112],"few":[114,268],"burns":[117],"Kalimantan.":[119],"Therefore,":[120],"DoB":[121,146,220,253,299,372,417],"remains":[122],"arguably":[123],"largest":[125],"uncertainty":[126,175,362],"undertaking":[128],"fire":[129,312,339],"emissions":[130,313,318,366,427],"calculations":[131,367],"environments.":[136],"apply":[138],"SfM":[140,379],"photogrammetric":[141],"methodology":[142],"map":[144,221],"this":[145,163,325,381,400],"metric,":[147],"also":[149],"investigate":[150],"combustion":[151,280],"heterogeneity":[152,281],"orthomosaic":[154],"photography":[155],"UAV":[159,378],"system.":[160],"supplement":[162],"information":[164],"with":[165,249],"pre-burn":[166,178],"airborne":[167,391],"light":[168],"detection":[169],"ranging":[171],"(LiDAR)":[172],"data,":[173],"reducing":[174],"estimating":[177],"soil":[179],"height":[180],"accurately":[182],"interpolation":[185],"adjacent":[187],"unburned":[188],"alone.":[190],"Our":[191,218,279,358],"pre-and":[192],"post-fire":[193],"Digital":[194],"Terrain":[195],"Models":[196],"(DTMs)":[197],"show":[198],"accuracies":[199],"0.04":[201],"0.05":[203],"m":[204],"(root-mean-square":[205],"error,":[206],"RMSE)":[207],"respectively,":[208],"compared":[209],"ground-based":[211],"global":[212],"navigation":[213],"satellite":[214],"(GNSS)":[216],"surveys.":[217],"final":[219],"degraded":[226],"swamp":[228],"forest":[229],"area":[230,332,348],"neighboring":[231],"Berbak":[232],"National":[233],"Park":[234],"(Sumatra,":[235],"Indonesia)":[236],"shows":[237],"depths":[239],"extending":[240],"close":[242],"zero":[244],"1":[247],"m,":[248,291],"mean":[251,316],"(\u00b11\u03c3)":[252],"0.23":[255],"\u00b1":[256,321],"0.19":[257],"m.":[258],"This":[259,341],"lies":[260],"well":[261],"within":[262,301],"range":[264],"found":[265],"other":[269],"studies":[270],"available":[271,276],"(on":[272],"Kalimantan;":[273],"none":[274],"Sumatra).":[278],"analysis":[282],"suggests":[283],"deepest":[285],"burns,":[286],"which":[287,328],"extend":[288],"~1.3":[290],"occur":[292],"around":[293],"tree":[294],"roots.":[295],"use":[297],"data":[300],"Intergovernmental":[303],"Panel":[304],"Climate":[306],"Change":[307],"(IPCC)":[308],"default":[309],"equation":[310],"for":[311,324,355,419],"estimate":[315],"as":[319],"134":[320],"29":[322],"t\u00b7C\u2219ha\u22121":[323],"fire,":[327],"is":[329,342,382],"an":[331],"that":[333],"had":[334,336],"recorded":[338],"previously.":[340],"amongst":[343],"highest":[345],"per":[346],"unit":[347],"fuel":[349],"consumption":[350],"anywhere":[351],"world":[354],"landscape":[356],"fires.":[357,431],"approach":[359,380,401],"provides":[360],"reductions":[363],"such":[365],"via":[368],"reduction":[370],"uncertainty,":[373],"accomplished":[383],"at":[384,397,402],"fraction":[386],"cost":[389],"LiDAR\u2014albeit":[392],"limited":[394],"sized":[395],"present.":[398],"Deploying":[399],"locations":[403],"across":[404],"Indonesia,":[405],"sampling":[406],"variety":[408],"fire-affected":[410],"landscapes,":[411],"would":[412],"new":[414],"important":[416],"statistics":[418],"producing":[420],"optimized":[421],"greenhouse":[424],"gas":[425],"(GHG)":[426],"estimates":[428]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2016-12-16T00:00:00"}