{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2557238428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8120988","title":"Flow Routing for Delineating Supraglacial Meltwater Channel Networks","display_name":"Flow Routing for Delineating Supraglacial Meltwater Channel Networks","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2557238428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8120988","mag":"2557238428"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8120988","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8120988","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/12/988/pdf?version=1480579891","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/12/988/pdf?version=1480579891","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063785836","display_name":"Leonora King","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3033-6176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leonora King","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, 1984 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, 1984 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003310201","display_name":"Marwan A. Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6856-5989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marwan Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, 1984 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, 1984 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057383170","display_name":"Kang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7246-8425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of California Los Angeles, 315 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of California Los Angeles, 315 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045013234","display_name":"Gwenn E. Flowers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3574-9324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gwenn Flowers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063785836"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.4551,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81633551,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"12","first_page":"988","last_page":"988"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meltwater","display_name":"Meltwater","score":0.7317008376121521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.608898401260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5838518142700195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"Digital elevation model","score":0.5575074553489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5277714729309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.4647049009799957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-routing","display_name":"Flow routing","score":0.4476913809776306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.4468643069267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.43201005458831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glacier","display_name":"Glacier","score":0.42762359976768494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.4142422080039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3617037534713745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.3302570581436157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.27954915165901184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.1331828534603119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11963492631912231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.08801901340484619}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207318512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360925","display_name":"Meltwater","level":3,"score":0.7317008376121521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.608898401260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5838518142700195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.5575074553489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5277714729309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.4647049009799957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779313249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7371615","display_name":"Flow routing","level":2,"score":0.4476913809776306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.4468643069267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43201005458831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.42762359976768494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.4142422080039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3617037534713745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.3302570581436157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27954915165901184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1331828534603119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11963492631912231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.08801901340484619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8120988","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8120988","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/12/988/pdf?version=1480579891","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:circle.library.ubc.ca:2429/70320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2429/70320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196297","display_name":"cIRcle (University of British Columbia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","host_organization_name":"University of British Columbia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8afad23b5f6949b88c62704fb93b39b9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8afad23b5f6949b88c62704fb93b39b9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 8, Iss 12, p 988 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/8/12/988/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs8120988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 8; Issue 12; Pages: 988","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8120988","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8120988","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/12/988/pdf?version=1480579891","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2165548363","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Canada","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6662575669","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"249673-12","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312438","display_name":"DigitalGlobe Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04xjhyn16"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2557238428.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2557238428.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64767667","https://openalex.org/W292695685","https://openalex.org/W595188601","https://openalex.org/W1560857526","https://openalex.org/W1639988421","https://openalex.org/W1685708659","https://openalex.org/W1875708983","https://openalex.org/W1915150848","https://openalex.org/W1953336936","https://openalex.org/W1963897110","https://openalex.org/W1976043511","https://openalex.org/W1981945902","https://openalex.org/W1983646865","https://openalex.org/W1987169966","https://openalex.org/W1988647679","https://openalex.org/W1999809169","https://openalex.org/W2007585408","https://openalex.org/W2012800889","https://openalex.org/W2017777911","https://openalex.org/W2027987768","https://openalex.org/W2032604011","https://openalex.org/W2034593721","https://openalex.org/W2040235702","https://openalex.org/W2046639117","https://openalex.org/W2047195451","https://openalex.org/W2058178494","https://openalex.org/W2065470001","https://openalex.org/W2076897502","https://openalex.org/W2083173052","https://openalex.org/W2084973817","https://openalex.org/W2087884757","https://openalex.org/W2096189816","https://openalex.org/W2096883902","https://openalex.org/W2106711354","https://openalex.org/W2113148021","https://openalex.org/W2119534769","https://openalex.org/W2124786051","https://openalex.org/W2125884203","https://openalex.org/W2128161271","https://openalex.org/W2134318668","https://openalex.org/W2138963913","https://openalex.org/W2140360355","https://openalex.org/W2145929325","https://openalex.org/W2152415573","https://openalex.org/W2165415867","https://openalex.org/W2167528619","https://openalex.org/W2170329098","https://openalex.org/W2240771474","https://openalex.org/W2272968028","https://openalex.org/W2274825902","https://openalex.org/W2308516304","https://openalex.org/W2322818769","https://openalex.org/W2331157186","https://openalex.org/W2334517214","https://openalex.org/W2335160997","https://openalex.org/W2336308917","https://openalex.org/W2398136055","https://openalex.org/W2527288696","https://openalex.org/W2548622325","https://openalex.org/W2798134683","https://openalex.org/W4211056572","https://openalex.org/W4236186631","https://openalex.org/W4256488855","https://openalex.org/W6646264295"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3168667089","https://openalex.org/W3197611598","https://openalex.org/W2095347909","https://openalex.org/W4242896512","https://openalex.org/W2783624110","https://openalex.org/W2903436374","https://openalex.org/W2990904367","https://openalex.org/W2888781014","https://openalex.org/W2027357168","https://openalex.org/W2393694837"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Growing":[0],"interest":[1],"in":[2,97,175],"supraglacial":[3,73,94,189,203],"channels,":[4],"coupled":[5],"with":[6,155,168,196,220],"the":[7,19,43,47,62,122,225],"increasing":[8],"availability":[9],"of":[10,15,23,40,42,46,54,64,124,152,223],"high-resolution":[11,34],"remotely":[12],"sensed":[13],"imagery":[14],"glacier":[16],"surfaces,":[17],"motivates":[18],"development":[20],"and":[21,52,84,103,111,117,120,143],"testing":[22],"new":[24],"approaches":[25],"to":[26,60,71,80,85,140,150,165],"delineating":[27],"surface":[28],"meltwater":[29],"channels.":[30,74],"We":[31,75,91,132],"utilized":[32],"a":[33,65,169],"(2":[35],"m)":[36,102,108],"digital":[37],"elevation":[38],"model":[39],"parts":[41],"western":[44],"margin":[45],"Greenland":[48],"Ice":[49],"Sheet":[50],"(GrIS)":[51],"retention":[53],"visually":[55],"identified":[56],"sinks":[57],"(i.e.,":[58],"moulins)":[59],"investigate":[61],"ability":[63],"standard":[66],"D8":[67],"flow":[68,129,136,185],"routing":[69,130,137,186],"algorithm":[70],"delineate":[72,188],"compared":[76],"these":[77],"delineated":[78,92],"channels":[79,83,86,153,163],"manually":[81],"digitized":[82],"extracted":[87],"from":[88],"multispectral":[89,156,179],"imagery.":[90],"GrIS":[93],"channel":[95,190,204,226],"networks":[96,191],"six":[98],"high-elevation":[99],"(above":[100],"1000":[101,107],"one":[104],"low-elevation":[105],"(below":[106],"catchments":[109],"during":[110,209],"shortly":[112],"after":[113],"peak":[114,210],"melt":[115,211],"(July":[116],"August":[118],"2012),":[119],"investigated":[121],"effect":[123],"contributing":[125,172,214],"area":[126,173,215],"threshold":[127],"on":[128,192],"performance.":[131],"found":[133,183],"that,":[134],"although":[135],"is":[138,206],"sensitive":[139],"data":[141],"quality":[142],"moulin":[144],"identification,":[145],"it":[146],"can":[147,187,217],"identify":[148],"75%":[149],"99%":[151],"observed":[154],"analysis,":[157],"as":[158,160],"well":[159],"low-order,":[161],"high-density":[162],"(up":[164],"15.7":[166],"km/km2":[167],"0.01":[170],"km2":[171],"threshold)":[174],"greater":[176],"detail":[177],"than":[178],"methods.":[180],"Additionally,":[181],"we":[182],"that":[184,202,212],"rough":[193],"ice":[194],"surfaces":[195],"widespread":[197],"crevassing.":[198],"Our":[199],"results":[200],"suggest":[201],"density":[205],"sufficiently":[207],"high":[208],"low":[213],"thresholds":[216],"be":[218],"employed":[219],"little":[221],"risk":[222],"overestimating":[224],"network":[227],"extent.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2016-12-08T00:00:00"}