{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2521247880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8100787","title":"Synergistic Use of LiDAR and APEX Hyperspectral Data for High-Resolution Urban Land Cover Mapping","display_name":"Synergistic Use of LiDAR and APEX Hyperspectral Data for High-Resolution Urban Land Cover Mapping","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2521247880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8100787","mag":"2521247880"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8100787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8100787","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/10/787/pdf?version=1474684841","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/10/787/pdf?version=1474684841","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089207573","display_name":"Frederik Priem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8783-4347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Frederik Priem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cartography and GIS Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel 1050, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cartography and GIS Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel 1050, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091439710","display_name":"Frank Canters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5850-9577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Canters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cartography and GIS Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel 1050, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cartography and GIS Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel 1050, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089207573"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.9618,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93231593,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"10","first_page":"787","last_page":"787"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8051571846008301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.7004395723342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6921057105064392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.6607949137687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.6535327434539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.6126648187637329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.524013876914978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4491838216781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3799145221710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3752019703388214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37200266122817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3489893674850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.22274190187454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.11922317743301392}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8051571846008301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.7004395723342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6921057105064392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.6607949137687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6535327434539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.6126648187637329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.524013876914978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4491838216781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3799145221710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3752019703388214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37200266122817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3489893674850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.22274190187454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.11922317743301392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8100787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8100787","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/10/787/pdf?version=1474684841","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:135629","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/10/787/html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:135629","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubir/synergistic-use-of-lidar-and-apex-hyperspectral-data-for-highresolution-urban-land-cover-mapping(6f31d53d-affa-4588-9db9-f5cf030759dd).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cde68a2c12004af7831e558c35f915d4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cde68a2c12004af7831e558c35f915d4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 8, Iss 10, p 787 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/8/10/787/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs8100787","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 8; Issue 10; Pages: 787","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8100787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8100787","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/10/787/pdf?version=1474684841","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8901092059","display_name":"Urban Ecosystem Analysis supported by Remote Sensing","funder_award_id":"SR/00/307","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321454","funder_display_name":"Belgian Federal Science Policy Office"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321454","display_name":"Belgian Federal Science Policy Office","ror":"https://ror.org/01fapfv42"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2521247880.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2521247880.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W119937972","https://openalex.org/W180166045","https://openalex.org/W246898172","https://openalex.org/W397449374","https://openalex.org/W644840985","https://openalex.org/W1497089125","https://openalex.org/W1515857894","https://openalex.org/W1551648222","https://openalex.org/W1754365911","https://openalex.org/W1834900913","https://openalex.org/W1967165137","https://openalex.org/W1977271893","https://openalex.org/W1979583718","https://openalex.org/W1982760911","https://openalex.org/W1987128286","https://openalex.org/W1990077509","https://openalex.org/W1994414533","https://openalex.org/W1996475816","https://openalex.org/W2004245604","https://openalex.org/W2012908927","https://openalex.org/W2015635283","https://openalex.org/W2015804381","https://openalex.org/W2054116204","https://openalex.org/W2057890933","https://openalex.org/W2059779803","https://openalex.org/W2061217393","https://openalex.org/W2063396028","https://openalex.org/W2063907334","https://openalex.org/W2066237268","https://openalex.org/W2076945639","https://openalex.org/W2077789677","https://openalex.org/W2089063443","https://openalex.org/W2102049927","https://openalex.org/W2108979787","https://openalex.org/W2109064591","https://openalex.org/W2114258138","https://openalex.org/W2121597613","https://openalex.org/W2125270033","https://openalex.org/W2131256165","https://openalex.org/W2141567889","https://openalex.org/W2144527376","https://openalex.org/W2146062404","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2326195380","https://openalex.org/W2338198572","https://openalex.org/W2339708564","https://openalex.org/W2341733731","https://openalex.org/W2344827426","https://openalex.org/W4245539475","https://openalex.org/W4409036497","https://openalex.org/W6629656347","https://openalex.org/W6642133546","https://openalex.org/W6665407894","https://openalex.org/W6703312595","https://openalex.org/W6704058283","https://openalex.org/W6704233014"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2104177156","https://openalex.org/W2031928588","https://openalex.org/W2030080266","https://openalex.org/W2805400851","https://openalex.org/W3136189581","https://openalex.org/W2463883205","https://openalex.org/W2140940625","https://openalex.org/W4241000610","https://openalex.org/W2900316983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Land":[0],"cover":[1,221],"mapping":[2,41],"of":[3,9,25,45,73,84,101,134,158,161,173,201,204,210,213],"the":[4,18,70,82,98,208],"urban":[5,26,40,53,76,162,219],"environment":[6],"by":[7,168],"means":[8],"remote":[10],"sensing":[11],"remains":[12],"a":[13,62,92,110],"distinct":[14],"challenge":[15],"due":[16],"to":[17,39,67,125,144,194],"strong":[19,71],"spectral":[20,156,165],"heterogeneity":[21],"and":[22,31,91,123,164,175,190,216],"geometric":[23],"complexity":[24],"scenes.":[27],"Airborne":[28],"imaging":[29],"spectroscopy":[30],"laser":[32],"altimetry":[33],"have":[34],"each":[35],"made":[36,104],"remarkable":[37],"contributions":[38],"but":[42],"synergistic":[43,63,211],"use":[44],"these":[46],"relatively":[47],"recent":[48],"data":[49],"sources":[50],"in":[51,75,198],"an":[52,146],"context":[54],"is":[55,65,121,142,178],"still":[56],"largely":[57],"underexplored.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60,107,205],"study":[61,206],"workflow":[64],"presented":[66],"cope":[68],"with":[69,81,137,155,180],"diversity":[72],"materials":[74,163],"areas,":[77],"as":[78,80],"well":[79],"presence":[83],"shadow.":[85],"A":[86,132],"high-resolution":[87],"APEX":[88],"hyperspectral":[89,214],"image":[90],"discrete":[93],"waveform":[94],"LiDAR":[95,117,182,217],"dataset":[96],"covering":[97],"Eastern":[99],"part":[100],"Brussels":[102],"were":[103],"available":[105],"for":[106,129,149,218],"research.":[108],"Firstly,":[109],"novel":[111],"shadow":[112,130,140,150,169],"detection":[113,141],"method":[114],"based":[115],"on":[116],"intensity-APEX":[118],"brightness":[119],"thresholding":[120,136],"proposed":[122],"compared":[124],"commonly":[126],"used":[127],"approaches":[128],"detection.":[131],"combination":[133],"intensity-brightness":[135],"DSM":[138],"model-based":[139],"shown":[143],"be":[145],"efficient":[147],"approach":[148],"mask":[151],"delineation.":[152],"To":[153],"deal":[154],"similarity":[157],"different":[159],"types":[160],"distortion":[166],"induced":[167],"cover,":[170],"supervised":[171],"classification":[172,196],"shaded":[174],"sunlit":[176],"areas":[177],"combined":[179],"iterative":[181],"post-classification":[183],"correction.":[184],"Results":[185,203],"indicate":[186],"that":[187],"height,":[188],"slope":[189],"roughness":[191],"features":[192],"contribute":[193],"improved":[195],"accuracies":[197],"descending":[199],"order":[200],"importance.":[202],"illustrate":[207],"potential":[209],"application":[212],"imagery":[215],"land":[220],"mapping.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2016-09-30T00:00:00"}
