{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2514293108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8080691","title":"Consistent Classification of Landsat Time Series with an Improved Automatic Adaptive Signature Generalization Algorithm","display_name":"Consistent Classification of Landsat Time Series with an Improved Automatic Adaptive Signature Generalization Algorithm","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2514293108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8080691","mag":"2514293108"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8080691","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8080691","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/8/691/pdf?version=1472047350","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/8/691/pdf?version=1472047350","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003077037","display_name":"Matthew P. Dannenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6518-4897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Dannenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021950832","display_name":"Christopher R. Hakkenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6579-5954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Hakkenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Curriculum for the Environment and Ecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Curriculum for the Environment and Ecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016731659","display_name":"Conghe Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4099-4906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Conghe Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Curriculum for the Environment and Ecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","Department of Geography, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Curriculum for the Environment and Ecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003077037","https://openalex.org/A5016731659"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.2059,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93465858,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"8","first_page":"691","last_page":"691"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6637885570526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.6595345139503479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5964475870132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.4855320453643799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-signature","display_name":"Spectral signature","score":0.47191527485847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4196312427520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35468602180480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.2860599756240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.16625618934631348}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6637885570526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.6595345139503479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5964475870132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.4855320453643799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176641082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2446767","display_name":"Spectral signature","level":2,"score":0.47191527485847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4196312427520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35468602180480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.2860599756240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16625618934631348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8080691","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8080691","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/8/691/pdf?version=1472047350","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:63be218b9997469481c3a69347e6cbbb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/63be218b9997469481c3a69347e6cbbb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 8, Iss 8, p 691 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/8/8/691/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs8080691","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 8; Issue 8; Pages: 691","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8080691","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8080691","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/8/691/pdf?version=1472047350","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2514293108.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2514293108.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W120907723","https://openalex.org/W919632589","https://openalex.org/W1496503081","https://openalex.org/W1510447231","https://openalex.org/W1526740462","https://openalex.org/W1593793203","https://openalex.org/W1610015390","https://openalex.org/W1820540535","https://openalex.org/W1967329996","https://openalex.org/W1981213426","https://openalex.org/W1981377684","https://openalex.org/W1981646498","https://openalex.org/W1990653740","https://openalex.org/W2000229595","https://openalex.org/W2011500029","https://openalex.org/W2014555541","https://openalex.org/W2020299137","https://openalex.org/W2020795785","https://openalex.org/W2022224360","https://openalex.org/W2028707934","https://openalex.org/W2029251415","https://openalex.org/W2029587925","https://openalex.org/W2034435505","https://openalex.org/W2036632898","https://openalex.org/W2042692910","https://openalex.org/W2045692755","https://openalex.org/W2062608572","https://openalex.org/W2066017461","https://openalex.org/W2074854752","https://openalex.org/W2083360347","https://openalex.org/W2084166106","https://openalex.org/W2094734189","https://openalex.org/W2099508699","https://openalex.org/W2103053104","https://openalex.org/W2104973080","https://openalex.org/W2108826313","https://openalex.org/W2121601221","https://openalex.org/W2127559745","https://openalex.org/W2130811469","https://openalex.org/W2132424470","https://openalex.org/W2138408852","https://openalex.org/W2138499468","https://openalex.org/W2139086914","https://openalex.org/W2139393540","https://openalex.org/W2147423506","https://openalex.org/W2147685662","https://openalex.org/W2151456308","https://openalex.org/W2155632266","https://openalex.org/W2160103118","https://openalex.org/W2160195242","https://openalex.org/W2161548576","https://openalex.org/W2199321793","https://openalex.org/W2267362924","https://openalex.org/W2785064867","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2915157699","https://openalex.org/W3022206565","https://openalex.org/W4211056572","https://openalex.org/W4245539475","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6604830333","https://openalex.org/W6680121253","https://openalex.org/W6681669784","https://openalex.org/W6687780495","https://openalex.org/W6759048068","https://openalex.org/W6777357693"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3193043704","https://openalex.org/W4386259002","https://openalex.org/W1546989560","https://openalex.org/W3171520305","https://openalex.org/W2889302474","https://openalex.org/W2067166945","https://openalex.org/W1537861260","https://openalex.org/W2085880802","https://openalex.org/W1970710023","https://openalex.org/W12227174"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Classifying":[0],"land":[1,111,145,212],"cover":[2,112,146,213],"is":[3],"perhaps":[4],"the":[5,79,96,126,150,197,200,204,218,223],"most":[6],"common":[7],"application":[8],"of":[9,50,81,130,136,153,186,199,222],"remote":[10],"sensing,":[11],"yet":[12],"classification":[13,72,185],"at":[14],"frequent":[15],"temporal":[16,220],"intervals":[17],"remains":[18],"a":[19,69,74,121],"challenging":[20],"task":[21],"due":[22],"to":[23,63,73,102,108,142,149,183,209],"radiometric":[24,82],"differences":[25,34,85],"among":[26,35],"scenes,":[27],"time":[28],"and":[29,32,60,83,88,120,162,190,203],"budget":[30],"constraints,":[31],"semantic":[33],"class":[36,65,91,233],"definitions":[37,92,234],"from":[38,68,175],"different":[39],"dates.":[40],"The":[41],"automatic":[42],"adaptive":[43],"signature":[44],"generalization":[45],"(AASG)":[46],"algorithm":[47,202],"overcomes":[48],"many":[49],"these":[51],"limitations":[52],"by":[53],"locating":[54],"stable":[55,104],"sites":[56],"between":[57,86,95],"two":[58,97],"images":[59,87],"using":[61,207],"them":[62],"adapt":[64,103],"spectral":[66],"signatures":[67],"high-quality":[70,211],"reference":[71],"new":[75,134],"image,":[76],"which":[77],"mitigates":[78],"impacts":[80],"phenological":[84],"ensures":[89],"that":[90,215],"remain":[93],"consistent":[94,232],"classifications.":[98],"We":[99],"refined":[100],"AASG":[101,137,201],"site":[105],"identification":[106],"parameters":[107],"each":[109],"individual":[110],"class,":[113],"while":[114,179,230],"also":[115],"incorporating":[116],"improved":[117,140,184],"input":[118],"data":[119],"random":[122],"forest":[123,177],"classifier.":[124],"In":[125],"Research":[127],"Triangle":[128],"region":[129],"North":[131],"Carolina,":[132],"our":[133],"version":[135,152],"demonstrated":[138],"an":[139,227],"ability":[141],"update":[143],"existing":[144],"classifications":[147,214],"compared":[148],"initial":[151],"AASG,":[154],"particularly":[155,169],"for":[156,171,206],"low":[157],"intensity":[158],"developed,":[159,188],"mixed":[160],"forest,":[161,189],"woody":[163,173],"wetland":[164],"classes.":[165,192],"Topographic":[166],"indices":[167],"were":[168],"important":[170],"distinguishing":[172],"wetlands":[174],"other":[176],"types,":[178],"multi-seasonal":[180],"imagery":[181],"contributed":[182],"water,":[187],"hay/pasture":[191],"These":[193],"results":[194],"demonstrate":[195],"both":[196],"flexibility":[198],"potential":[205],"it":[208],"produce":[210],"can":[216],"utilize":[217],"entire":[219],"range":[221],"Landsat":[224],"archive":[225],"in":[226],"automated":[228],"fashion":[229],"maintaining":[231],"through":[235],"time.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}