{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2516589589","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8080684","title":"Best Accuracy Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) Classification to Derive Crop Types Using Multitemporal, Multisensor, and Multi-Polarization SAR Satellite Images","display_name":"Best Accuracy Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) Classification to Derive Crop Types Using Multitemporal, Multisensor, and Multi-Polarization SAR Satellite Images","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2516589589","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8080684","mag":"2516589589"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8080684","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8080684","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/8/684/pdf?version=1471693140","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/8/684/pdf?version=1471693140","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016420824","display_name":"Christoph H\u00fctt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8381-9676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christoph H\u00fctt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 50923 Cologne, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 50923 Cologne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013327664","display_name":"Wolfgang Koppe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2548-7287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136903","display_name":"Airbus (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04a3akw68","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121748","https://openalex.org/I4210136903"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Koppe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Airbus Defence and Space, 88039 Friedrichshafen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Airbus Defence and Space, 88039 Friedrichshafen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014540441","display_name":"Yuxin Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8419-6511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxin Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, 100193 Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, 100193 Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019648655","display_name":"Georg Bareth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3692-8655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georg Bareth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 50923 Cologne, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 50923 Cologne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016420824"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":11.0247,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":128,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9866587,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"8","first_page":"684","last_page":"684"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7725635170936584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.6977667808532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5237169861793518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5183790326118469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-resolution","display_name":"High resolution","score":0.43125343322753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4291800856590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.41525033116340637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.41203704476356506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36376476287841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.30636245012283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.20541170239448547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20243149995803833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7725635170936584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.6977667808532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5237169861793518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5183790326118469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020199158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"High resolution","level":2,"score":0.43125343322753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4291800856590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.41525033116340637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.41203704476356506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36376476287841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.30636245012283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.20541170239448547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20243149995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8080684","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8080684","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/8/684/pdf?version=1471693140","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:USBKOELN.ub.uni-koeln.de:20617","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8381-9676>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400371","display_name":"K\u00f6lner Universit\u00e4ts PublikationsServer (Universit\u00e4t zu K\u00f6ln)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210115942","host_organization_name":"Rhenish Institute for Environmental Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115942"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8affd6ee80794537acd7722a1ddcc7c9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8affd6ee80794537acd7722a1ddcc7c9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 8, Iss 8, p 684 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/8/8/684/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs8080684","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 8; Issue 8; Pages: 684","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8080684","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8080684","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/8/684/pdf?version=1471693140","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G49840970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015CB150405","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5168466499","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7033751582","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"973-2015CB150405","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324811","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t zu K\u00f6ln","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2516589589.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2516589589.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W53461454","https://openalex.org/W86549454","https://openalex.org/W273955616","https://openalex.org/W1496894866","https://openalex.org/W1536340909","https://openalex.org/W1584663654","https://openalex.org/W1967791380","https://openalex.org/W1970582325","https://openalex.org/W1985154454","https://openalex.org/W1987643308","https://openalex.org/W1994490949","https://openalex.org/W2000860904","https://openalex.org/W2006071943","https://openalex.org/W2006929658","https://openalex.org/W2010004018","https://openalex.org/W2010364553","https://openalex.org/W2014158985","https://openalex.org/W2015419866","https://openalex.org/W2017764215","https://openalex.org/W2032667441","https://openalex.org/W2038028553","https://openalex.org/W2038869049","https://openalex.org/W2046292468","https://openalex.org/W2053996678","https://openalex.org/W2055075784","https://openalex.org/W2073808076","https://openalex.org/W2078985447","https://openalex.org/W2097419478","https://openalex.org/W2114828048","https://openalex.org/W2117551957","https://openalex.org/W2117631572","https://openalex.org/W2117824104","https://openalex.org/W2123863573","https://openalex.org/W2123902233","https://openalex.org/W2130470461","https://openalex.org/W2132424470","https://openalex.org/W2132685580","https://openalex.org/W2138973222","https://openalex.org/W2140412267","https://openalex.org/W2141135204","https://openalex.org/W2150140969","https://openalex.org/W2152520029","https://openalex.org/W2155632266","https://openalex.org/W2157664157","https://openalex.org/W2161276824","https://openalex.org/W2166705692","https://openalex.org/W2167594433","https://openalex.org/W2171466305","https://openalex.org/W2273708466","https://openalex.org/W2331071973","https://openalex.org/W2331128614","https://openalex.org/W2405574607","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W4245539475","https://openalex.org/W6602123915","https://openalex.org/W6610017368","https://openalex.org/W6649054543","https://openalex.org/W6650527254","https://openalex.org/W6677666509"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2615806692","https://openalex.org/W2080965330","https://openalex.org/W3133615129","https://openalex.org/W2087854757","https://openalex.org/W2188959887","https://openalex.org/W2373152553","https://openalex.org/W2547534968","https://openalex.org/W2972049582","https://openalex.org/W4389201442","https://openalex.org/W2386169820"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"using":[1],"microwave":[2,196,215],"remote":[3,218],"sensing":[4,219],"for":[5,38,55,118,122,172,221],"land":[6],"use/land":[7],"cover":[8,85],"(LULC)":[9],"classifications,":[10],"there":[11,80],"are":[12],"a":[13,36,82,123,177,190],"wide":[14],"variety":[15],"of":[16,41,47,50,129,189,192,200,214],"imaging":[17,25],"parameters":[18],"to":[19,71,153],"choose":[20],"from,":[21],"such":[22],"as":[23,180,182],"wavelength,":[24],"mode,":[26],"incidence":[27],"angle,":[28],"spatial":[29,178],"resolution,":[30],"and":[31,45,109,133,162,194,208,212,216],"coverage.":[32],"There":[33],"is":[34,68,81,115],"still":[35],"need":[37],"further":[39],"study":[40,59,98],"the":[42,48,61,87,97,127,130,137,145,159,163,173,186,198,209],"combination,":[43],"comparison,":[44,119],"quantification":[46],"potential":[49,128,199],"multiple":[51],"diverse":[52],"radar":[53],"images":[54,94,132,220],"LULC":[56,91,135,222],"classifications.":[57,223],"Our":[58],"site,":[60],"Qixing":[62],"farm":[63,175],"in":[64,75],"Heilongjiang":[65],"province,":[66],"China,":[67],"especially":[69],"suitable":[70],"demonstrate":[72,185],"this.":[73],"As":[74],"most":[76],"rice":[77],"growing":[78,88],"regions,":[79],"high":[83,181,203],"cloud":[84],"during":[86],"season,":[89],"making":[90],"from":[92],"optical":[93,111,217],"unreliable.":[95],"From":[96],"year":[99],"2009,":[100],"we":[101],"obtained":[102],"nine":[103],"TerraSAR-X,":[104],"two":[105,141],"Radarsat-2,":[106],"one":[107],"Envisat-ASAR,":[108],"an":[110],"FORMOSAT-2":[112],"image,":[113],"which":[114,150],"mainly":[116],"used":[117],"but":[120],"also":[121],"combination.":[124],"To":[125],"evaluate":[126],"input":[131,156],"derive":[134],"with":[136,176],"highest":[138,160],"possible":[139],"precision,":[140,161],"classifiers":[142],"were":[143],"used:":[144],"well-established":[146],"Maximum":[147],"Likelihood":[148],"classifier,":[149],"was":[151],"optimized":[152],"find":[154],"those":[155],"bands,":[157],"yielding":[158],"random":[164],"forest":[165],"classifier.":[166],"The":[167],"resulting":[168],"highly":[169],"accurate":[170],"LULC-maps":[171],"whole":[174],"resolution":[179,204],"8":[183],"m":[184],"beneficial":[187],"use":[188],"combination":[191],"x-":[193],"c-band":[195],"data,":[197,207],"multitemporal":[201],"very":[202],"multi-polarization":[205],"TerraSAR-X":[206],"profitable":[210],"integration":[211],"comparison":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T14:59:36.786465","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
