{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2399348288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8050419","title":"Building Point Detection from Vehicle-Borne LiDAR Data Based on Voxel Group and Horizontal Hollow Analysis","display_name":"Building Point Detection from Vehicle-Borne LiDAR Data Based on Voxel Group and Horizontal Hollow Analysis","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2399348288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8050419","mag":"2399348288"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8050419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8050419","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/5/419/pdf?version=1463487223","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/5/419/pdf?version=1463487223","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110491535","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3436-4251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geographic Information Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geographic Information Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101910670","display_name":"Liang Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4491-6681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center for the South Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","Department of Geographic Information Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center for the South Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657","https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geographic Information Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100733228","display_name":"Yanming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6075-3683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geographic Information Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geographic Information Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114804185","display_name":"Yang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3033-9104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geographic Information Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geographic Information Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101469338","display_name":"Manchun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3058-9034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Manchun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center for the South Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","Department of Geographic Information Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center for the South Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657","https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geographic Information Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101469338","https://openalex.org/A5101910670"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657","https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.8731,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92717512,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"5","first_page":"419","last_page":"419"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.6581276655197144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5742511749267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4907735288143158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voxel","display_name":"Voxel","score":0.4333561062812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.43055835366249084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3656429052352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2578851580619812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22777754068374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.1674993634223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07180008292198181}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.6581276655197144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5742511749267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4907735288143158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54170458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663554","display_name":"Voxel","level":2,"score":0.4333561062812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.43055835366249084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3656429052352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2578851580619812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22777754068374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1674993634223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07180008292198181}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8050419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8050419","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/5/419/pdf?version=1463487223","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7d782351a21044d59346dd0739cb324a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7d782351a21044d59346dd0739cb324a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 8, Iss 5, p 419 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/8/5/419/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs8050419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 8; Issue 5; Pages: 419","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8050419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8050419","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/5/419/pdf?version=1463487223","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3789058657","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41371017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4377890141","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41001238","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G88811555","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No. 41371017, 41001238","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2399348288.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2399348288.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W186953100","https://openalex.org/W234367405","https://openalex.org/W301702917","https://openalex.org/W746983226","https://openalex.org/W1516657904","https://openalex.org/W1558611393","https://openalex.org/W1741021980","https://openalex.org/W1907835391","https://openalex.org/W1970149003","https://openalex.org/W1984615142","https://openalex.org/W1984632763","https://openalex.org/W1986427369","https://openalex.org/W1990591294","https://openalex.org/W1996770287","https://openalex.org/W1996772125","https://openalex.org/W1999260680","https://openalex.org/W2000035714","https://openalex.org/W2002899493","https://openalex.org/W2010980358","https://openalex.org/W2012824497","https://openalex.org/W2019190157","https://openalex.org/W2020816742","https://openalex.org/W2022512855","https://openalex.org/W2025004203","https://openalex.org/W2026476272","https://openalex.org/W2030391822","https://openalex.org/W2033943689","https://openalex.org/W2046007533","https://openalex.org/W2052794186","https://openalex.org/W2076712994","https://openalex.org/W2080157231","https://openalex.org/W2086715674","https://openalex.org/W2088624347","https://openalex.org/W2090146153","https://openalex.org/W2097111653","https://openalex.org/W2104525659","https://openalex.org/W2105119225","https://openalex.org/W2115519229","https://openalex.org/W2121616733","https://openalex.org/W2132360065","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2133396874","https://openalex.org/W2133916729","https://openalex.org/W2135731652","https://openalex.org/W2136651098","https://openalex.org/W2137917541","https://openalex.org/W2169339955","https://openalex.org/W2199671173","https://openalex.org/W2285827343","https://openalex.org/W2293954373","https://openalex.org/W2305666041","https://openalex.org/W2335639764","https://openalex.org/W2407925597","https://openalex.org/W3015358563","https://openalex.org/W6607620158","https://openalex.org/W6637951238","https://openalex.org/W6680096826","https://openalex.org/W6698114291","https://openalex.org/W6713842725"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376","https://openalex.org/W2351984678","https://openalex.org/W2140032575","https://openalex.org/W2011860471","https://openalex.org/W2012196540","https://openalex.org/W3011451421"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Information":[0],"extraction":[1,53,186],"and":[2,49,68,120,162,172],"three-dimensional":[3],"(3D)":[4],"reconstruction":[5],"of":[6,29,83,90,98,111,137,187,194],"buildings":[7,195],"using":[8,169],"the":[9,88,109,170,179,185],"vehicle-borne":[10,138],"laser":[11],"scanning":[12],"(VLS)":[13],"system":[14],"is":[15,54,96,124,182],"significant":[16],"for":[17,47,146,158,166,184],"many":[18],"applications.":[19],"Extracting":[20],"LiDAR":[21,139,188],"points,":[22,141],"from":[23,152],"VLS,":[24],"belonging":[25,190],"to":[26,103,126,191],"various":[27,192],"types":[28,193],"building":[30,51,70,140,168],"in":[31,114,196],"large-scale":[32,197],"complex":[33,198],"urban":[34,199],"environments":[35],"still":[36],"retains":[37],"some":[38],"problems.":[39],"In":[40],"this":[41,121],"paper,":[42],"a":[43,81,134],"new":[44],"technical":[45],"framework":[46,181],"automatic":[48],"efficient":[50,147],"point":[52,71,112],"proposed,":[55],"including":[56],"three":[57],"main":[58],"steps:":[59],"(1)":[60,155],"voxel":[61,94,116,128],"group-based":[62],"shape":[63,122],"recognition;":[64],"(2)":[65,163],"category-oriented":[66],"merging;":[67],"(3)":[69],"identification":[72],"by":[73],"horizontal":[74],"hollow":[75,144],"ratio":[76],"analysis.":[77],"This":[78,130],"article":[79,131],"proposes":[80],"concept":[82],"\u201cvoxel":[84],"group\u201d":[85],"based":[86],"on":[87],"voxelization":[89],"VLS":[91],"points:":[92],"each":[93,115],"group":[95,117],"composed":[97],"several":[99],"voxels":[100],"that":[101,178],"belong":[102],"one":[104],"single":[105],"real-world":[106],"object.":[107],"Then":[108],"shapes":[110],"clouds":[113],"are":[118,150],"recognized":[119],"information":[123],"utilized":[125],"merge":[127],"group.":[129],"puts":[132],"forward":[133],"characteristic":[135],"nature":[136],"called":[142],"\u201chorizontal":[143],"ratio\u201d,":[145],"extraction.":[148],"Experiments":[149],"analyzed":[151],"two":[153],"aspects:":[154],"building-based":[156],"evaluation":[157,165],"overall":[159],"experimental":[160,175],"area;":[161],"point-based":[164],"individual":[167],"completeness":[171],"correctness.":[173],"The":[174],"results":[176],"indicate":[177],"proposed":[180],"effective":[183],"points":[189],"environments.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}