{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2259591523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8010071","title":"A Point Cloud Filtering Approach to Generating DTMs for Steep Mountainous Areas and Adjacent Residential Areas","display_name":"A Point Cloud Filtering Approach to Generating DTMs for Steep Mountainous Areas and Adjacent Residential Areas","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2259591523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8010071","mag":"2259591523"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8010071","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8010071","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/1/71/pdf?version=1453187652","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/1/71/pdf?version=1453187652","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101775884","display_name":"Qi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2835-5394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101564863","display_name":"Huan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6773-8382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101843084","display_name":"Hanchao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9610-408X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanchao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101843589","display_name":"Mingwei Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2006-4645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingwei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088181131","display_name":"Xiuguo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0045-9642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiuguo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088181131"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.2605,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90529088,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"71","last_page":"71"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.7822654247283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7494215369224548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photogrammetry","display_name":"Photogrammetry","score":0.7170950770378113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6989791989326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ridge","display_name":"Ridge","score":0.5569596886634827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5068390965461731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triangulated-irregular-network","display_name":"Triangulated irregular network","score":0.43329522013664246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3675047755241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"Digital elevation model","score":0.3388351798057556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.2633824944496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.25132226943969727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.2471671998500824}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.7822654247283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7494215369224548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117455697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190149","display_name":"Photogrammetry","level":2,"score":0.7170950770378113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6989791989326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32277403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740445","display_name":"Ridge","level":2,"score":0.5569596886634827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5068390965461731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131509275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2296387","display_name":"Triangulated irregular network","level":3,"score":0.43329522013664246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3675047755241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.3388351798057556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2633824944496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.25132226943969727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.2471671998500824}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8010071","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8010071","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/1/71/pdf?version=1453187652","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6156b12b34304f2c85fa13a80798f052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6156b12b34304f2c85fa13a80798f052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 8, Iss 1, p 71 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/8/1/71/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs8010071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 8; Issue 1; Pages: 71","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8010071","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8010071","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/1/71/pdf?version=1453187652","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2831229518","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41301519","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7171175476","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41471355","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2259591523.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2259591523.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48960425","https://openalex.org/W54516136","https://openalex.org/W84227776","https://openalex.org/W1604274158","https://openalex.org/W1973584596","https://openalex.org/W1984464677","https://openalex.org/W1990590197","https://openalex.org/W1995807936","https://openalex.org/W1998869020","https://openalex.org/W2002529409","https://openalex.org/W2004414742","https://openalex.org/W2006814977","https://openalex.org/W2009214675","https://openalex.org/W2011938923","https://openalex.org/W2013206258","https://openalex.org/W2014091167","https://openalex.org/W2016102955","https://openalex.org/W2025969570","https://openalex.org/W2027781877","https://openalex.org/W2029625183","https://openalex.org/W2031373452","https://openalex.org/W2034546021","https://openalex.org/W2035553864","https://openalex.org/W2038268575","https://openalex.org/W2053430949","https://openalex.org/W2056769281","https://openalex.org/W2061802311","https://openalex.org/W2062751854","https://openalex.org/W2063658793","https://openalex.org/W2064577520","https://openalex.org/W2066483145","https://openalex.org/W2068026543","https://openalex.org/W2069127380","https://openalex.org/W2077264955","https://openalex.org/W2081923829","https://openalex.org/W2091168295","https://openalex.org/W2104998606","https://openalex.org/W2117248802","https://openalex.org/W2126786328","https://openalex.org/W2127015718","https://openalex.org/W2129725504","https://openalex.org/W2135873867","https://openalex.org/W2156516396","https://openalex.org/W2157635231","https://openalex.org/W2158166073","https://openalex.org/W2185206735","https://openalex.org/W2400032601","https://openalex.org/W6601946194","https://openalex.org/W6602225176","https://openalex.org/W6603383834","https://openalex.org/W6678933082"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086631307","https://openalex.org/W1991181858","https://openalex.org/W2951077607","https://openalex.org/W2188653007","https://openalex.org/W3151972826","https://openalex.org/W2327096297","https://openalex.org/W3150210773","https://openalex.org/W4292583799","https://openalex.org/W1514009816","https://openalex.org/W2223128433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0,27],"terrain":[1,62],"models":[2],"(DTMs)":[3],"are":[4,11,164,231,238],"considered":[5],"important":[6],"basic":[7],"geographic":[8],"data.":[9],"They":[10],"widely":[12],"used":[13,165],"in":[14,87,217],"the":[15,44,53,72,88,91,128,132,188,202,218,224,228,241,248],"fields":[16],"of":[17,46,71,90,134,149,196,220,223],"cartography,":[18],"land":[19],"utilization,":[20],"urban":[21],"planning,":[22],"communications,":[23],"and":[24,63,120,140,210,233,243],"remote":[25],"sensing.":[26],"photogrammetry":[28],"mainly":[29],"based":[30,102,178],"on":[31,103,127,179,193],"stereo":[32],"image":[33,58],"matching":[34,59],"is":[35,111,131,158,184],"a":[36,171],"frequently":[37],"applied":[38,51,185],"technique":[39],"to":[40,52,60,113,142,146,186],"generate":[41,114],"DTMs.":[42],"Generally,":[43],"process":[45],"ground":[47],"filtering":[48,74,100],"should":[49],"be":[50],"point":[54,175,198],"cloud":[55],"derived":[56],"from":[57],"separate":[61],"off-terrain":[64],"points":[65,136,157,163],"before":[66],"DTM":[67],"generation.":[68],"However,":[69],"many":[70],"existing":[73],"methods":[75],"perform":[76],"unsatisfactorily":[77],"for":[78,116,154,207],"steep":[79,117],"mountainous":[80,118,211],"areas,":[81],"particularly":[82],"when":[83],"residential":[84,122,209],"neighborhoods":[85],"exist":[86],"proximity":[89],"test":[92],"areas.":[93,123,212],"In":[94],"this":[95],"study,":[96],"an":[97],"improved":[98],"automated":[99],"method":[101,130,153,177,204,230],"progressive":[104],"TIN":[105],"(triangulated":[106],"irregular":[107],"networks)":[108],"densification":[109],"(PTD)":[110],"proposed":[112,203,229],"DTMs":[115,226],"areas":[119],"adjacent":[121],"Our":[124],"main":[125],"improvement":[126],"classic":[129,249],"acquisition":[133],"seed":[135,168,174],"with":[137],"better":[138,239],"distribution":[139],"reliability":[141],"enhance":[143],"its":[144],"adaptability":[145],"different":[147],"types":[148],"terrain.":[150],"A":[151],"rule-based":[152],"detecting":[155],"ridge":[156],"first":[159],"applied.":[160],"The":[161,191,213],"detected":[162],"as":[166],"additional":[167],"points.":[169,190],"Subsequently,":[170],"locally":[172],"optimized":[173],"selection":[176],"confidence":[180],"interval":[181],"estimation":[182],"theory":[183],"remove":[187],"erroneous":[189],"experiments":[192],"two":[194],"sets":[195],"stereo-matched":[197],"clouds":[199],"indicate":[200],"that":[201],"performs":[205],"well":[206],"both":[208],"total":[214],"accuracy":[215],"values":[216],"form":[219],"root-mean-square":[221],"errors":[222],"generated":[225],"by":[227,247],"0.963":[232],"1.007":[234],"m;":[235],"respectively;":[236],"which":[237],"than":[240],"1.286":[242],"1.309":[244],"m":[245],"achieved":[246],"PTD":[250],"method.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
