{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2205436042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8010016","title":"An Automated Approach for Mapping Persistent Ice and Snow Cover over High Latitude Regions","display_name":"An Automated Approach for Mapping Persistent Ice and Snow Cover over High Latitude Regions","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-12-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2205436042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8010016","mag":"2205436042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8010016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8010016","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/1/16/pdf?version=1451032673","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/1/16/pdf?version=1451032673","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010790656","display_name":"D. Selkowitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0824-7051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286329397","display_name":"United States Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I1335927249"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012618","display_name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05ehhzx21","country_code":null,"type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I1335927249","https://openalex.org/I4391012618"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Selkowitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of Utah, 260 S. Central Campus Dr., Room 270, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA","U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of Utah, 260 S. Central Campus Dr., Room 270, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I4391012618"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078828475","display_name":"R. R. Forster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3945-5072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Forster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of Utah, 260 S. Central Campus Dr., Room 270, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of Utah, 260 S. Central Campus Dr., Room 270, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010790656"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I223532165","https://openalex.org/I4391012618"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.8065,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84462652,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"16","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.7434327602386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glacier","display_name":"Glacier","score":0.6794039011001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow-cover","display_name":"Snow cover","score":0.5380223989486694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.4911946952342987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4884316027164459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow-field","display_name":"Snow field","score":0.48260772228240967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow-line","display_name":"Snow line","score":0.4515416622161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.4228839874267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.41305816173553467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.14829164743423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.09097164869308472}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.7434327602386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.6794039011001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983043445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow cover","level":3,"score":0.5380223989486694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.4911946952342987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4884316027164459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82544793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365419","display_name":"Snow field","level":4,"score":0.48260772228240967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42832001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740358","display_name":"Snow line","level":4,"score":0.4515416622161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4228839874267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.41305816173553467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14829164743423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.09097164869308472}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8010016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8010016","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/1/16/pdf?version=1451032673","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7cd7da240ea14c3ebff760e4130c9c65","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7cd7da240ea14c3ebff760e4130c9c65","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 8, Iss 1, p 16 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/8/1/16/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs8010016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 8; Issue 1; Pages: 16","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs8010016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8010016","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/1/16/pdf?version=1451032673","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2205436042.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9316278","https://openalex.org/W167767660","https://openalex.org/W331168929","https://openalex.org/W1496005581","https://openalex.org/W1518354070","https://openalex.org/W1646419411","https://openalex.org/W1963768209","https://openalex.org/W1967220287","https://openalex.org/W1984576625","https://openalex.org/W1988705811","https://openalex.org/W1990226794","https://openalex.org/W2000481880","https://openalex.org/W2005873199","https://openalex.org/W2015135807","https://openalex.org/W2019916967","https://openalex.org/W2024695456","https://openalex.org/W2028240797","https://openalex.org/W2034972464","https://openalex.org/W2040198596","https://openalex.org/W2055493143","https://openalex.org/W2066947295","https://openalex.org/W2094394939","https://openalex.org/W2099532128","https://openalex.org/W2103497845","https://openalex.org/W2114727579","https://openalex.org/W2116564120","https://openalex.org/W2121035202","https://openalex.org/W2138244549","https://openalex.org/W2139018369","https://openalex.org/W2140538625","https://openalex.org/W2150337006","https://openalex.org/W2150948381","https://openalex.org/W2151456308","https://openalex.org/W2161443979","https://openalex.org/W2164453447","https://openalex.org/W2165705029","https://openalex.org/W2168601869","https://openalex.org/W2254133984","https://openalex.org/W2322545094","https://openalex.org/W2468657182","https://openalex.org/W4239513671","https://openalex.org/W4243464025","https://openalex.org/W4247775809","https://openalex.org/W4250157943","https://openalex.org/W4255151379","https://openalex.org/W6680557866"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2767011601","https://openalex.org/W4393423908","https://openalex.org/W2512324726","https://openalex.org/W3009200560","https://openalex.org/W4205647981","https://openalex.org/W3199410599","https://openalex.org/W3137012456","https://openalex.org/W2367409461","https://openalex.org/W4283650107","https://openalex.org/W4318594415"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,201],"developed":[1],"an":[2,58,347],"automated":[3,59,301,341,352],"approach":[4,38,207,281],"for":[5,64,147],"mapping":[6],"persistent":[7,106,131,292],"ice":[8,67,107,132,293],"and":[9,13,19,29,56,66,92,108,114,133,187,197,221,294],"snow":[10,65,109,134,295],"cover":[11,135,171,183],"(glaciers":[12],"perennial":[14],"snowfields)":[15],"from":[16,72,205,212,259,268],"Landsat":[17,42,74,357],"TM":[18],"ETM+":[20],"data":[21],"across":[22,125,282],"a":[23,53,100,154,163,175,188,336],"variety":[24],"of":[25,116,161,168,173,180,185,199,233,254,291,343],"topography,":[26],"glacier":[27,144,209,235,265,315,324,353],"types,":[28],"climatic":[30],"conditions":[31],"at":[32,217],"high":[33,213,269],"latitudes":[34],"(above":[35],"~65\u00b0N).":[36],"Our":[37],"exploits":[39],"all":[40],"available":[41],"scenes":[43,75],"acquired":[44],"during":[45],"the":[46,86,148,159,169,181,260,298,320,340],"late":[47],"summer":[48],"(1":[49],"August\u201315":[50],"September)":[51],"over":[52,99],"multi-year":[54],"period":[55,102],"employs":[57],"cloud":[60],"masking":[61],"algorithm":[62],"optimized":[63],"covered":[68,80,98],"mountainous":[69],"environments.":[70],"Pixels":[71],"individual":[73],"were":[76,103],"classified":[77,104],"as":[78,96,105,262,264],"snow/ice":[79,82,97,170,182],"or":[81,358],"free":[83],"based":[84],"on":[85],"Normalized":[87],"Difference":[88],"Snow":[89],"Index":[90],"(NDSI),":[91],"pixels":[93],"consistently":[94,124],"identified":[95],"five-year":[101],"cover.":[110,296],"The":[111,252],"same":[112],"NDSI":[113],"ratio":[115],"snow/ice-covered":[117],"days":[118,121],"to":[119,208,248,257,278,285,307],"total":[120],"thresholds":[122],"applied":[123],"eight":[126],"study":[127,219],"regions":[128,220,229,247,284],"resulted":[129],"in":[130,140,228,245,314],"maps":[136,290,303,345],"that":[137,193,238],"agreed":[138],"closely":[139],"most":[141,321,332],"areas":[142,232,310,327],"with":[143,153,158,230],"area":[145,210,266,316],"mapped":[146,211,267],"Randolph":[149],"Glacier":[150],"Inventory":[151],"(RGI),":[152],"mean":[155,164,176,189],"accuracy":[156,167,179],"(agreement":[157],"RGI)":[160],"0.96,":[162],"precision":[165,196],"(user\u2019s":[166],"class)":[172,184],"0.92,":[174],"recall":[177],"(producer\u2019s":[178],"0.86,":[186],"F-score":[190],"(a":[191],"measure":[192],"considers":[194],"both":[195],"recall)":[198],"0.88.":[200],"also":[202],"compared":[203],"results":[204,256],"our":[206,255],"spatial":[214,270],"resolution":[215,271,289],"imagery":[216,272],"four":[218],"found":[222],"similar":[223,359],"results.":[224,251],"Accuracy":[225],"was":[226],"lowest":[227],"substantial":[231,312],"debris-covered":[234],"ice,":[236],"suggesting":[237],"manual":[239],"editing":[240],"would":[241],"still":[242],"be":[243,276,305],"required":[244],"these":[246],"achieve":[249],"reasonable":[250],"similarity":[253],"those":[258],"RGI":[261],"well":[263],"suggests":[273],"it":[274],"should":[275],"possible":[277],"apply":[279],"this":[280],"large":[283],"produce":[286],"updated":[287,329],"30-m":[288],"In":[297],"short":[299],"term,":[300],"PISC":[302,344],"can":[304],"used":[306],"rapidly":[308],"identify":[309],"where":[311,328],"changes":[313],"have":[317],"occurred":[318],"since":[319],"recent":[322],"conventional":[323],"inventories,":[325],"highlighting":[326],"inventories":[330],"are":[331],"urgently":[333],"needed.":[334],"From":[335],"longer":[337],"term":[338],"perspective,":[339],"production":[342],"represents":[346],"important":[348],"step":[349],"toward":[350],"fully":[351],"extent":[354],"monitoring":[355],"using":[356],"sensors.":[360]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
