{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2192038773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71115295","title":"Mapping Cropland in Smallholder-Dominated Savannas: Integrating Remote Sensing Techniques and Probabilistic Modeling","display_name":"Mapping Cropland in Smallholder-Dominated Savannas: Integrating Remote Sensing Techniques and Probabilistic Modeling","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2192038773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71115295","mag":"2192038773"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs71115295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71115295","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71115295","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/11/15295/pdf?version=1447417243","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/11/15295/pdf?version=1447417243","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005113800","display_name":"Sean P. Sweeney","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sean Sweeney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for the study of Institutions, Populations, and Environmental Change (CIPEC), Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for the study of Institutions, Populations, and Environmental Change (CIPEC), Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083934368","display_name":"Tatyana B. Ruseva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4663-2674","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4663-2674"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I430192","display_name":"Appalachian State University","ror":"https://ror.org/051m4vc48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I430192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tatyana Ruseva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Government and Justice Studies, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28607, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Government and Justice Studies, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28607, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I430192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089787049","display_name":"Lyndon Despard Estes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9358-816X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9358-816X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lyndon Estes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA","Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011939117","display_name":"Tom P. Evans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4591-1011","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4591-1011"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom Evans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for the study of Institutions, Populations, and Environmental Change (CIPEC), Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA","Department of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for the study of Institutions, Populations, and Environmental Change (CIPEC), Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005113800"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"fwci":2.6259,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88936907,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"11","first_page":"15295","last_page":"15317"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.012400000356137753,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cropland-mapping","display_name":"cropland mapping","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallholder-farming","display_name":"smallholder farming","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/savanna-landscapes","display_name":"savanna landscapes","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover-classification","display_name":"land cover classification","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-modeling","display_name":"stochastic modeling","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-security","display_name":"food security","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arid-ecosystems","display_name":"arid ecosystems","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/savanna-woodland","display_name":"savanna woodland","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sub-saharan-africa","display_name":"sub-Saharan Africa","score":0.7350000143051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549605437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229911","display_name":"Food security","level":3,"score":0.6509841680526733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.5517716407775879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.5358957052230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203174812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241565","display_name":"Woodland","level":2,"score":0.5282213687896729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.518735945224762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.48827266693115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.4598053991794586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.42367109656333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.40610915422439575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.38994166254997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.20201978087425232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs71115295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71115295","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71115295","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/11/15295/pdf?version=1447417243","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:commons.clarku.edu:faculty_geography-1074","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://commons.clarku.edu/faculty_geography/75","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196688","display_name":"Clark Digital Commons (Clark University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130785548","host_organization_name":"Clark University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130785548"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Geography","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1f145bc16aee438cb36c2be41f1e9f1d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1f145bc16aee438cb36c2be41f1e9f1d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 7, Iss 11, Pp 15295-15317 (2015)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs71115295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71115295","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71115295","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/11/15295/pdf?version=1447417243","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.958299994468689,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.8518999814987183,"display_name":"Life on land"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6188096604","display_name":"ESE: Collaborative Research: Spatial Resilience of Agriculturalists to Coupled Ecological and Hydrological Variability in Rural Zambia","funder_award_id":"1026776","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7591823411","display_name":"Hazards SEES: Understanding Cross-Scale Interactions of Trade and Food Policy to Improve Resilience to Drought Risk","funder_award_id":"1534544","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8911332967","display_name":"WSC-Catergory 2 Collaborative: Impacts of Agricultural Decision Making and Adaptive Management on Food Security","funder_award_id":"1360463","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2192038773.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2192038773.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1935800","https://openalex.org/W1498782169","https://openalex.org/W1530408898","https://openalex.org/W1537844550","https://openalex.org/W1595743797","https://openalex.org/W1838764073","https://openalex.org/W1972793421","https://openalex.org/W1975732897","https://openalex.org/W1981241968","https://openalex.org/W1987352360","https://openalex.org/W1987455157","https://openalex.org/W1995591762","https://openalex.org/W1997820532","https://openalex.org/W2000318706","https://openalex.org/W2000779965","https://openalex.org/W2002317332","https://openalex.org/W2008547125","https://openalex.org/W2017036757","https://openalex.org/W2017992978","https://openalex.org/W2018180482","https://openalex.org/W2023687724","https://openalex.org/W2032920078","https://openalex.org/W2038353908","https://openalex.org/W2042083201","https://openalex.org/W2051898806","https://openalex.org/W2055009625","https://openalex.org/W2055779253","https://openalex.org/W2055958437","https://openalex.org/W2057479110","https://openalex.org/W2061709525","https://openalex.org/W2062449448","https://openalex.org/W2063944200","https://openalex.org/W2066589176","https://openalex.org/W2067055509","https://openalex.org/W2068094410","https://openalex.org/W2068249517","https://openalex.org/W2072589742","https://openalex.org/W2076848864","https://openalex.org/W2081829028","https://openalex.org/W2082081125","https://openalex.org/W2087683803","https://openalex.org/W2088133484","https://openalex.org/W2090151803","https://openalex.org/W2090998125","https://openalex.org/W2098227151","https://openalex.org/W2101335411","https://openalex.org/W2119412805","https://openalex.org/W2127994984","https://openalex.org/W2128405541","https://openalex.org/W2140315029","https://openalex.org/W2155236457","https://openalex.org/W2157644040","https://openalex.org/W2158498648","https://openalex.org/W2161821779","https://openalex.org/W2166917517","https://openalex.org/W2187624447","https://openalex.org/W2195004773","https://openalex.org/W2484114084","https://openalex.org/W4233119539","https://openalex.org/W4234802431","https://openalex.org/W4249570364","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6687084490","https://openalex.org/W7017901294"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2349861965","https://openalex.org/W2367212977","https://openalex.org/W2352710087","https://openalex.org/W2283262823","https://openalex.org/W3133615129","https://openalex.org/W2087854757","https://openalex.org/W2188959887","https://openalex.org/W2373152553","https://openalex.org/W4389201442","https://openalex.org/W2386169820"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"smallholder":[1,25],"farming":[2,26],"systems":[3],"dominate":[4],"the":[5,14,17,28,35,40,51,101,108,121,132,173,186],"savanna":[6,30,80,129],"range":[7],"countries":[8],"of":[9,24,42,59,77,112,123,134,161,181],"sub-Saharan":[10],"Africa":[11],"and":[12,48,110,191],"provide":[13],"foundation":[15],"for":[16,68,103,127,152,172],"region\u2019s":[18],"food":[19,32,43],"security.":[20],"Despite":[21],"continued":[22],"expansion":[23],"into":[27,144],"surrounding":[29],"landscapes,":[31,130],"insecurity":[33],"in":[34,45,90,117],"region":[36],"persists.":[37],"Central":[38],"to":[39,49,96,156],"monitoring":[41],"security":[44],"these":[46],"countries,":[47],"understanding":[50],"processes":[52],"behind":[53],"it,":[54],"are":[55,170],"reliable,":[56],"high-quality":[57],"datasets":[58],"cultivated":[60],"land.":[61],"Remote":[62],"sensing":[63,139],"has":[64,82],"been":[65],"frequently":[66],"used":[67],"this":[69,118,153],"purpose":[70],"but":[71],"distinguishing":[72],"crops":[73],"under":[74],"certain":[75],"stages":[76],"growth":[78],"from":[79],"woodlands":[81],"remained":[83],"a":[84,124,157],"major":[85],"challenge.":[86],"Yet,":[87],"crop":[88],"production":[89],"dryland":[91],"ecosystems":[92],"is":[93,120,189],"most":[94],"vulnerable":[95],"seasonal":[97],"climate":[98],"variability,":[99],"amplifying":[100],"need":[102],"high":[104],"quality":[105],"products":[106],"showing":[107],"distribution":[109],"extent":[111],"cropland.":[113,135],"The":[114],"key":[115],"objective":[116],"analysis":[119],"development":[122],"classification":[125,160],"protocol":[126],"African":[128],"emphasizing":[131],"delineation":[133],"We":[136,148],"integrate":[137],"remote":[138],"techniques":[140],"with":[141],"probabilistic":[142],"modeling":[143],"an":[145,177],"innovative":[146],"workflow.":[147],"present":[149],"summary":[150],"results":[151],"methodology":[154],"applied":[155],"land":[158,167],"cover":[159,168],"Zambia\u2019s":[162],"Southern":[163],"Province.":[164],"Five":[165],"primary":[166],"categories":[169],"classified":[171],"study":[174],"area,":[175],"producing":[176],"overall":[178],"map":[179],"accuracy":[180],"88.18%.":[182],"Omission":[183],"error":[184,193],"within":[185],"cropland":[187],"class":[188],"12.11%":[190],"commission":[192],"9.76%.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
