{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1797778684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71012680","title":"Automatic Detection and Classification of Pole-Like Objects in Urban Point Cloud Data Using an Anomaly Detection Algorithm","display_name":"Automatic Detection and Classification of Pole-Like Objects in Urban Point Cloud Data Using an Anomaly Detection Algorithm","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1797778684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71012680","mag":"1797778684"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs71012680","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71012680","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/10/12680/pdf?version=1443430848","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/10/12680/pdf?version=1443430848","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067521485","display_name":"Borja Rodr\u00edguez-Cuenca","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Borja Rodr\u00edguez-Cuenca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Alcal\u00e1, Campus Universitario Ctra.,  Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Alcal\u00e1, Campus Universitario Ctra.,  Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013098367","display_name":"Silverio Garc\u00eda\u2010Cort\u00e9s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5695-1268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165339363","display_name":"Universidad de Oviedo","ror":"https://ror.org/006gksa02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silverio Garc\u00eda-Cort\u00e9s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mining Exploitation, University of Oviedo, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica de Mieres,  Gonzalo Guti\u00e9rrez Quir\u00f3s, 33600 Mieres, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5695-1268","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mining Exploitation, University of Oviedo, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica de Mieres,  Gonzalo Guti\u00e9rrez Quir\u00f3s, 33600 Mieres, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002972103","display_name":"Celestino Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-6299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165339363","display_name":"Universidad de Oviedo","ror":"https://ror.org/006gksa02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Celestino Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mining Exploitation, University of Oviedo, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica de Mieres,  Gonzalo Guti\u00e9rrez Quir\u00f3s, 33600 Mieres, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-6299","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mining Exploitation, University of Oviedo, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica de Mieres,  Gonzalo Guti\u00e9rrez Quir\u00f3s, 33600 Mieres, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108756351","display_name":"Mar\u00eda C. Alonso","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Alonso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Alcal\u00e1, Campus Universitario Ctra.,  Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Alcal\u00e1, Campus Universitario Ctra.,  Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067521485"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":6.5337,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":85,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96578676,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"10","first_page":"12680","last_page":"12703"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.8470911979675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6563006043434143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-scanning","display_name":"Laser scanning","score":0.5966259241104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.588253378868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.5495839715003967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5035220980644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.502863347530365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4927733242511749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.4842774271965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.44954225420951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scanner","display_name":"Scanner","score":0.44569939374923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4396679401397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4192938208580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.41456112265586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.36616092920303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17575374245643616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.1625176966190338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.10286405682563782}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.8470911979675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6563006043434143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141349535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361664","display_name":"Laser scanning","level":3,"score":0.5966259241104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.588253378868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.5495839715003967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5035220980644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.502863347530365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4927733242511749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.4842774271965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.44954225420951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779751349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474480","display_name":"Scanner","level":2,"score":0.44569939374923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4396679401397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4192938208580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.41456112265586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.36616092920303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17575374245643616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.1625176966190338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.10286405682563782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs71012680","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71012680","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/10/12680/pdf?version=1443430848","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/32261","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10017/32261","pdf_url":"https://ebuah.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/10017/32261/3/automatic_alonso_remote_2015.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055200","display_name":"e_Buah","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digibuo.uniovi.es:10651/36643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10651/36643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402334","display_name":"Consultation of the Doctoral Thesis Database (TESEO) (Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n, Cultura y Deporte)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801976130","host_organization_name":"Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n Cultura y Deporte","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801976130"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WOS:000364328600005","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e75b89839ccf438a839eace492911a26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e75b89839ccf438a839eace492911a26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 7, Iss 10, Pp 12680-12703 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/7/10/12680/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs71012680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 7; Issue 10; Pages: 12680-12703","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs71012680","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71012680","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/10/12680/pdf?version=1443430848","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1797778684.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W142547370","https://openalex.org/W155419516","https://openalex.org/W203741292","https://openalex.org/W1980655679","https://openalex.org/W1987449424","https://openalex.org/W1988197306","https://openalex.org/W1993610193","https://openalex.org/W1996058270","https://openalex.org/W1996688648","https://openalex.org/W2000018820","https://openalex.org/W2019190157","https://openalex.org/W2039186139","https://openalex.org/W2041330605","https://openalex.org/W2042709218","https://openalex.org/W2044537717","https://openalex.org/W2047870694","https://openalex.org/W2064854349","https://openalex.org/W2076700149","https://openalex.org/W2079589066","https://openalex.org/W2085297993","https://openalex.org/W2087969956","https://openalex.org/W2099405522","https://openalex.org/W2116442452","https://openalex.org/W2121502845","https://openalex.org/W2127642098","https://openalex.org/W2128019176","https://openalex.org/W2132360065","https://openalex.org/W2139137304","https://openalex.org/W2142552707","https://openalex.org/W2144311066","https://openalex.org/W2147357829","https://openalex.org/W2148254631","https://openalex.org/W2149197198","https://openalex.org/W2162401076","https://openalex.org/W2171786422","https://openalex.org/W2750339080","https://openalex.org/W2797392385","https://openalex.org/W3107974783","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6608365309","https://openalex.org/W6649706110","https://openalex.org/W6675120363","https://openalex.org/W6679016000","https://openalex.org/W6750505841","https://openalex.org/W6786491506"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376","https://openalex.org/W2088131065","https://openalex.org/W2005998065","https://openalex.org/W2001220299","https://openalex.org/W897367340","https://openalex.org/W4323518558","https://openalex.org/W3196715007","https://openalex.org/W4399030596","https://openalex.org/W2366440988"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detecting":[0],"and":[1,12,27,32,95,147,172,190],"modeling":[2],"urban":[3,10,30],"furniture":[4],"are":[5,65],"of":[6,15,60,67,75,82,133,176],"particular":[7],"interest":[8,68],"for":[9,25,69,155],"management":[11],"the":[13,58,61,83,93,108,122,134,156,166,173,187],"development":[14],"autonomous":[16],"driving":[17],"systems.":[18],"This":[19],"paper":[20],"presents":[21],"a":[22,76,103],"novel":[23],"method":[24,50,136],"detecting":[26,70],"classifying":[28],"vertical":[29,71,124],"objects":[31],"trees":[33],"from":[34,143,184],"unstructured":[35],"three-dimensional":[36],"mobile":[37],"laser":[38,43],"scanner":[39,44],"(MLS)":[40],"or":[41,129],"terrestrial":[42],"(TLS)":[45],"point":[46,84,109,141,188],"cloud":[47,63,110,189],"data.":[48],"The":[49,131,153],"includes":[51],"an":[52],"automatic":[53],"initial":[54],"segmentation":[55],"to":[56,102,120,201],"remove":[57],"parts":[59],"original":[62],"that":[64],"not":[66],"objects,":[72],"by":[73,149],"means":[74],"geometric":[77],"index":[78],"based":[79],"on":[80],"features":[81],"cloud.":[85],"Vertical":[86],"object":[87],"detection":[88,99,161],"is":[89,117],"carried":[90],"out":[91],"through":[92],"Reed":[94],"Xiaoli":[96],"(RX)":[97],"anomaly":[98],"algorithm":[100,116],"applied":[101],"pillar":[104],"structure":[105],"in":[106,139,186,197],"which":[107],"was":[111,137,169,179],"previously":[112],"organized.":[113],"A":[114],"clustering":[115],"then":[118],"used":[119],"classify":[121],"detected":[123],"elements":[125],"as":[126],"man-made":[127,198],"poles":[128,182,199],"trees.":[130,202],"effectiveness":[132],"proposed":[135],"tested":[138],"two":[140,150,157],"clouds":[142],"heterogeneous":[144],"street":[145],"scenarios":[146],"measured":[148],"different":[151],"sensors.":[152],"results":[154],"test":[158],"sites":[159],"achieved":[160],"rates":[162],"higher":[163],"than":[164],"96%;":[165],"classification":[167],"accuracy":[168],"around":[170],"95%,":[171],"completion":[174],"quality":[175],"both":[177],"procedures":[178],"90%.":[180],"Non-detected":[181],"come":[183],"occlusions":[185],"low-height":[191],"traffic":[192],"signs;":[193],"most":[194],"misclassifications":[195],"occurred":[196],"adjacent":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
