{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1542628179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70911151","title":"Time-domain Statistics of the Electromagnetic Bias in GNSS-Reflectometry","display_name":"Time-domain Statistics of the Electromagnetic Bias in GNSS-Reflectometry","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1542628179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70911151","mag":"1542628179"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70911151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70911151","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/9/11151/pdf?version=1441024661","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/9/11151/pdf?version=1441024661","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052971957","display_name":"Ali Ghavidel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8247-8005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Ghavidel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Barcelona-Tech, UPC Campus Nord, building D3, office 212, Barcelona 08034, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Barcelona-Tech, UPC Campus Nord, building D3, office 212, Barcelona 08034, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073492252","display_name":"Adriano Camps","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9514-4992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adriano Camps","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Barcelona-Tech and IEEC/UPC, UPC Campus Nord,  building D4, office 016, Barcelona 08034, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Barcelona-Tech and IEEC/UPC, UPC Campus Nord,  building D4, office 016, Barcelona 08034, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073492252"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.1673,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78071484,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"9","first_page":"11151","last_page":"11162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectometry","display_name":"Reflectometry","score":0.7831465005874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.7196638584136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6160165667533875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-radiation","display_name":"Electromagnetic radiation","score":0.4288105070590973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.4186822772026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.4134026765823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.35987454652786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.35594409704208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.34559470415115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.33209842443466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.31366032361984253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2332412600517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.09449547529220581}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778925768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454718","display_name":"Reflectometry","level":3,"score":0.7831465005874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7196638584136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6160165667533875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149773537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12969754","display_name":"Electromagnetic radiation","level":2,"score":0.4288105070590973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.4186822772026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.4134026765823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.35987454652786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.35594409704208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.34559470415115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.33209842443466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.31366032361984253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2332412600517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.09449547529220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70911151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70911151","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/9/11151/pdf?version=1441024661","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:recercat.cat:2072/288199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/81253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402147","display_name":"RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210090028","host_organization_name":"Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090028"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/81253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2117/81253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207057","display_name":"QRU Quaderns de Recerca en Urbanisme","issn_l":"2014-9689","issn":["2014-9689","2385-6777"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322448","host_organization_name":"Q71272178","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322448"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Q71272178"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7e0f9480b90e447b8facc2b2159c9086","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7e0f9480b90e447b8facc2b2159c9086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 7, Iss 9, Pp 11151-11162 (2015)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70911151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70911151","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/9/11151/pdf?version=1441024661","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5126369259","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AYA2011-29183-C02-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1542628179.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1542628179.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518660940","https://openalex.org/W1910092455","https://openalex.org/W1972261474","https://openalex.org/W2000321286","https://openalex.org/W2007818237","https://openalex.org/W2020711965","https://openalex.org/W2022585320","https://openalex.org/W2048733842","https://openalex.org/W2060701028","https://openalex.org/W2062464620","https://openalex.org/W2084934557","https://openalex.org/W2086014572","https://openalex.org/W2100621086","https://openalex.org/W2100807107","https://openalex.org/W2107580583","https://openalex.org/W2107909269","https://openalex.org/W2112957697","https://openalex.org/W2118324129","https://openalex.org/W2155589180","https://openalex.org/W2158310396","https://openalex.org/W2158559897","https://openalex.org/W2165827997","https://openalex.org/W2296018493","https://openalex.org/W2979562478","https://openalex.org/W4237040930","https://openalex.org/W6630752685"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3184095098","https://openalex.org/W4247269142","https://openalex.org/W2396133027","https://openalex.org/W2084522216","https://openalex.org/W2169212713","https://openalex.org/W1965835773","https://openalex.org/W1493885512","https://openalex.org/W2021460492","https://openalex.org/W3046000334","https://openalex.org/W2117233788"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Global":[0],"Navigation":[1],"Satellite":[2],"Systems-Reflectometry":[3],"(GNSS-R)":[4],"is":[5,62,75,105,177],"an":[6],"emerging":[7],"remote":[8],"sensing":[9],"technique":[10,110],"that":[11,167],"uses":[12],"navigation":[13],"signals":[14],"reflected":[15],"on":[16,199],"the":[17,32,42,49,88,94,99,138,144,152,168,181,192,201,207],"Earth\u2019s":[18],"surface":[19,61,67,74,127],"as":[20,54,135,191],"sources":[21],"of":[22,31,151],"opportunity":[23],"for":[24,124,160],"scatterometry":[25],"and":[26,70,115,117,149,197],"altimetry.":[27],"The":[28,102],"time-domain":[29],"statistics":[30,141],"electromagnetic":[33,44,83,103,139,155,169,183],"bias":[34,45,104,140,156,170,184],"in":[35,130,185],"GNSS-R":[36,187],"altimetry":[37,188],"are":[38,91,132,157],"investigated":[39],"to":[40,136,143,179],"assess":[41,180],"residual":[43,182],"after":[46],"averaging":[47],"during":[48],"dwell":[50],"time":[51,131,153],"(as":[52],"long":[53],"100":[55],"s).":[56],"A":[57],"three-dimensional":[58],"time-evolving":[59],"sea":[60,126],"generated":[63],"using":[64,93,107],"Elfouhaily\u2019s":[65],"ocean":[66],"height":[68],"spectrum":[69],"spreading":[71],"function.":[72],"This":[73,175],"illuminated":[76],"by":[77],"a":[78,108,172],"right":[79],"hand":[80],"circular":[81],"polarization":[82],"wave":[84],"at":[85,113,120],"L-band.":[86,121],"Then,":[87],"scattered":[89],"waves":[90],"computed":[92],"Physical":[95],"Optics":[96],"method":[97],"under":[98],"Kirchhoff":[100],"Approximation.":[101],"estimated":[106],"numerical":[109],"previously":[111],"validated":[112],"C-":[114],"Ku-bands,":[116],"then":[118],"extrapolated":[119],"Montecarlo":[122],"simulations":[123],"different":[125],"realizations":[128],"consecutive":[129],"performed":[133],"so":[134],"analyze":[137],"up":[142],"4PthP":[145],"order":[146],"moments.":[147],"Histograms":[148],"distribution":[150],"domain":[154],"also":[158],"used":[159],"statistical":[161,164],"interpretation.":[162],"All":[163],"descriptors":[165],"confirmed":[166],"has":[171],"non-Gaussian":[173],"behavior.":[174],"study":[176],"important":[178],"future":[186],"missions,":[189],"such":[190],"\u201cGNSS":[193],"Reflectometry,":[194],"Radio":[195],"Occultation":[196],"Scatterometry":[198],"board":[200],"International":[202,208],"Space":[203,209],"Station\u201d":[204],"experiment":[205],"onboard":[206],"Station.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
