{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1565776798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70911083","title":"Modifying Geometric-Optical Bidirectional Reflectance Model for Direct Inversion of Forest Canopy Leaf Area Index","display_name":"Modifying Geometric-Optical Bidirectional Reflectance Model for Direct Inversion of Forest Canopy Leaf Area Index","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1565776798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70911083","mag":"1565776798"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70911083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70911083","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/9/11083/pdf?version=1440760908","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/9/11083/pdf?version=1440760908","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026606987","display_name":"Congrong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5976-0096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Congrong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012578962","display_name":"Jinling Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0812-7164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinling Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035656977","display_name":"Jindi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4962-4888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jindi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4962-4888","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012578962"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":1.713,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8295279,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"9","first_page":"11083","last_page":"11104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"Leaf area index","score":0.9393422603607178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7586209774017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.6970136761665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inversion","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","score":0.5878534317016602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5044564008712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-canopy","display_name":"Tree canopy","score":0.4508386552333832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3299188017845154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1245410144329071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1184760332107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-basin","display_name":"Structural basin","score":0.10193559527397156}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.9393422603607178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7586209774017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.6970136761665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.5878534317016602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5044564008712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39807119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134228","display_name":"Tree canopy","level":3,"score":0.4508386552333832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3299188017845154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1245410144329071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1184760332107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.10193559527397156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70911083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70911083","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/9/11083/pdf?version=1440760908","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:24c856ce58154c7cad9a5eecd10cb87d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/24c856ce58154c7cad9a5eecd10cb87d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 7, Iss 9, Pp 11083-11104 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/7/9/11083/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs70911083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 7; Issue 9; Pages: 11083-11104","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70911083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70911083","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/9/11083/pdf?version=1440760908","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4243412236","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"863 Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4890974168","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2013AA12A301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335773","funder_display_name":"National High-tech Research and Development Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5578075917","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014FY210800-3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7457693266","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41171263","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8731543773","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 41171263","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335773","display_name":"National High-tech Research and Development Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1565776798.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1565776798.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512208174","https://openalex.org/W1892380407","https://openalex.org/W1963714823","https://openalex.org/W1967248741","https://openalex.org/W1969221908","https://openalex.org/W1969801270","https://openalex.org/W1971116548","https://openalex.org/W1977709355","https://openalex.org/W1978160572","https://openalex.org/W1980879303","https://openalex.org/W1982499749","https://openalex.org/W1982592465","https://openalex.org/W1982746346","https://openalex.org/W1983436430","https://openalex.org/W1987874186","https://openalex.org/W1993752013","https://openalex.org/W1995103915","https://openalex.org/W1998661030","https://openalex.org/W2016239143","https://openalex.org/W2029984822","https://openalex.org/W2030952677","https://openalex.org/W2034048953","https://openalex.org/W2037317818","https://openalex.org/W2037619934","https://openalex.org/W2053678867","https://openalex.org/W2058810151","https://openalex.org/W2068195262","https://openalex.org/W2070224379","https://openalex.org/W2075349910","https://openalex.org/W2084041670","https://openalex.org/W2099470890","https://openalex.org/W2108743255","https://openalex.org/W2113724293","https://openalex.org/W2125725826","https://openalex.org/W2126884030","https://openalex.org/W2127307213","https://openalex.org/W2133225008","https://openalex.org/W2133556703","https://openalex.org/W2136144584","https://openalex.org/W2138816351","https://openalex.org/W2139126225","https://openalex.org/W2149416133","https://openalex.org/W2149550872","https://openalex.org/W2151647593","https://openalex.org/W2159339462","https://openalex.org/W2176320925","https://openalex.org/W2333980181","https://openalex.org/W2373303988","https://openalex.org/W2376409231","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298052896","https://openalex.org/W6685227471","https://openalex.org/W7065981265"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986010464","https://openalex.org/W1998002922","https://openalex.org/W2162298841","https://openalex.org/W2165608115","https://openalex.org/W2903441093","https://openalex.org/W2757189212","https://openalex.org/W2133677237","https://openalex.org/W827697230","https://openalex.org/W4254429307","https://openalex.org/W2944305599"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Forest":[0],"canopy":[1,27,92,181],"leaf":[2],"area":[3],"index":[4],"(LAI)":[5],"inversion":[6],"based":[7],"on":[8],"remote":[9,141],"sensing":[10,142],"data":[11,150],"is":[12,30,48,57,69],"an":[13,107,160,166],"important":[14],"method":[15],"to":[16,24,50,59,86,122,194],"obtain":[17,87],"LAI.":[18,97],"Currently,":[19],"the":[20,31,39,52,63,75,88,91,103,125,135,156,174,180,186],"most":[21],"widely-used":[22],"model":[23,65,83,105,117,137,176,188],"achieve":[25],"forest":[26],"structure":[28,93,182],"parameters":[29],"Li-Strahler":[32],"geometric-optical":[33],"bidirectional":[34],"reflectance":[35],"model,":[36],"by":[37,110,120,178],"considering":[38],"effect":[40],"of":[41,74,129,163,168,185],"crown":[42],"shape":[43],"and":[44,96,148,165,198],"mutual":[45],"shadowing,":[46],"which":[47],"referred":[49],"as":[51,106],"GOMS":[53,64,104,115,187],"model.":[54,76],"However,":[55],"it":[56],"difficult":[58],"retrieve":[60],"LAI":[61,68,99,132,190,196],"through":[62],"directly":[66,197],"because":[67],"not":[70],"a":[71,80],"fundamental":[72],"parameter":[73,94,183],"In":[77],"this":[78],"study,":[79],"gap":[81],"probability":[82],"was":[84,100,118,151],"used":[85,193],"relationship":[89],"between":[90],"nR2":[95,112,184],"Thus,":[98],"introduced":[101],"into":[102],"independent":[108],"variable":[109],"replacing":[111,179],"The":[113,131,170],"modified":[114],"(MGOMS)":[116],"validated":[119],"application":[121],"Dayekou":[123],"in":[124,152],"Heihe":[126],"River":[127],"Basin":[128],"China.":[130],"retrieved":[133],"using":[134],"MGOMS":[136,175],"with":[138,155,159,189],"optical":[139],"multi-angle":[140],"data,":[143],"high":[144],"spatial":[145],"resolution":[146],"images":[147],"field-measured":[149,157],"good":[153],"agreement":[154],"LAI,":[158],"R-square":[161],"(R2)":[162],"0.64,":[164],"RMSE":[167],"0.67.":[169],"results":[171],"demonstrate":[172],"that":[173],"obtained":[177],"can":[191],"be":[192],"invert":[195],"precisely.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
