{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1587751276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70505565","title":"Automatic Extraction of Railroad Centerlines from Mobile Laser Scanning Data","display_name":"Automatic Extraction of Railroad Centerlines from Mobile Laser Scanning Data","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1587751276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70505565","mag":"1587751276"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70505565","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70505565","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/5/5565/pdf?version=1430747100","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/5/5565/pdf?version=1430747100","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059990087","display_name":"Sander Oude Elberink","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4511-2095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sander Elberink","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4511-2095","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003580485","display_name":"Kourosh Khoshelham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6639-1727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["AU","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kourosh Khoshelham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Infrastructure Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia","Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6639-1727","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infrastructure Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059990087"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.334,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86573844,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"5","first_page":"5565","last_page":"5583"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6920573711395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","score":0.6642882823944092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5678876638412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/midpoint","display_name":"Midpoint","score":0.5488184690475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piecewise","display_name":"Piecewise","score":0.5487962961196899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.5234807729721069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.5206648111343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45580175518989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.42964038252830505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.42908942699432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piecewise-linear-function","display_name":"Piecewise linear function","score":0.42747724056243896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42674803733825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.4183318614959717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-series","display_name":"Fourier series","score":0.41655048727989197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3981374502182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.2779395580291748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2583921551704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.2196439802646637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2104482352733612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.1312403678894043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6920573711395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.6642882823944092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5678876638412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34130140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1645406","display_name":"Midpoint","level":2,"score":0.5488184690475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164660894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2037833","display_name":"Piecewise","level":2,"score":0.5487962961196899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.5234807729721069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.5206648111343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45580175518989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42964038252830505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.42908942699432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17095337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2375229","display_name":"Piecewise linear function","level":2,"score":0.42747724056243896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42674803733825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.4183318614959717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207864730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179467","display_name":"Fourier series","level":2,"score":0.41655048727989197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3981374502182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.2779395580291748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2583921551704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2196439802646637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2104482352733612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.1312403678894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70505565","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70505565","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/5/5565/pdf?version=1430747100","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire/bdb6ae72-23b4-416b-ae2d-d6406c771ce2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/bdb6ae72-23b4-416b-ae2d-d6406c771ce2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oude Elberink, S & Khoshelham, K 2015, 'Automatic Extraction of Railroad Centerlines from Mobile Laser Scanning Data', Remote sensing, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 5565-5583. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70505565","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:badeec646a1645c89a831208c0c143ae","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/badeec646a1645c89a831208c0c143ae","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 7, Iss 5, Pp 5565-5583 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:jupiter.its.unimelb.edu.au:11343/54999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11343/54999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196259","display_name":"Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","host_organization_name":"The University of Melbourne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/7/5/5565/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs70505565","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:publications/bdb6ae72-23b4-416b-ae2d-d6406c771ce2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/275247869/remotesensing_07_05565.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70505565","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70505565","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/5/5565/pdf?version=1430747100","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1587751276.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017585657","https://openalex.org/W2020321370","https://openalex.org/W2020960796","https://openalex.org/W2041576219","https://openalex.org/W2050560048","https://openalex.org/W2062520712","https://openalex.org/W2087969956","https://openalex.org/W2106698173","https://openalex.org/W2117330144","https://openalex.org/W2126516862","https://openalex.org/W2128726153","https://openalex.org/W2129091674","https://openalex.org/W2130416410","https://openalex.org/W2130722170","https://openalex.org/W2131806657","https://openalex.org/W2134763525","https://openalex.org/W2138309709","https://openalex.org/W2144311066","https://openalex.org/W3038398494","https://openalex.org/W3140787851","https://openalex.org/W6679345118"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368520543","https://openalex.org/W2133947431","https://openalex.org/W2490196280","https://openalex.org/W3182827720","https://openalex.org/W1596838019","https://openalex.org/W3208509670","https://openalex.org/W2109304297","https://openalex.org/W2100864966","https://openalex.org/W2083709218","https://openalex.org/W4323366562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,62],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,66],"describe":[4],"the":[5,20,24,43,63,72,91,96,110,125,135,163,169,173,184,191,194],"automatic":[6],"extraction":[7],"of":[8,10,23,31,49,142,145,172,175,186,193,202],"centerlines":[9,195],"railroads.":[11],"Mobile":[12],"Laser":[13],"Scanning":[14],"systems":[15],"are":[16,153],"able":[17],"to":[18,59,70,90,113,134,182],"capture":[19],"3D":[21,131],"environment":[22],"rail":[25,44,87,126,136,148],"tracks":[26],"with":[27,199],"a":[28,82,103,118,143,156],"high":[29],"level":[30],"detail.":[32],"Our":[33],"approach":[34,77,123],"first":[35,76],"detects":[36],"laser":[37],"points":[38,80,89,112,116],"that":[39,162,190],"were":[40],"reflected":[41],"by":[42,46,85,128,155,168],"tracks,":[45],"making":[47],"use":[48],"local":[50],"properties":[51],"such":[52],"as":[53,98],"parallelism":[54],"and":[55,94],"height":[56],"in":[57,81],"relation":[58],"neighboring":[60],"objects.":[61],"modeling":[64],"stage,":[65],"present":[67],"two":[68,146],"approaches":[69],"determine":[71],"centerline":[73,164],"location.":[74],"The":[75,121,139,150],"generates":[78],"center":[79,100,111,115,171],"data-driven":[83],"manner":[84],"projecting":[86],"track":[88,127,132,137],"parallel":[92,147],"track,":[93],"taking":[95],"midpoint":[97],"initial":[99],"point.":[101],"Next,":[102],"piecewise":[104,130],"linear":[105],"function":[106],"is":[107,165],"fitted":[108,151],"through":[109],"generate":[114],"at":[117],"regular":[119],"interval.":[120],"second":[122],"models":[124,133],"fitting":[129],"points.":[138],"model":[140],"consists":[141],"pair":[144,174],"tracks.":[149,176],"pieces":[152],"smoothened":[154],"Fourier":[157],"series":[158],"interpolation":[159],"function.":[160],"After":[161],"implicitly":[166],"determined":[167,198],"geometric":[170],"Reference":[177],"data":[178],"has":[179],"been":[180],"used":[181],"analyze":[183],"quality":[185],"our":[187],"results,":[188],"confirming":[189],"position":[192],"can":[196],"be":[197],"an":[200],"accuracy":[201],"2\u20133":[203],"cm.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-05T09:01:59.212387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}