{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1970438077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70404048","title":"What Four Decades of Earth Observation Tell Us about Land Degradation in the Sahel?","display_name":"What Four Decades of Earth Observation Tell Us about Land Degradation in the Sahel?","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1970438077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70404048","mag":"1970438077"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70404048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70404048","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/4/4048/pdf?version=1429697266","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/4/4048/pdf?version=1429697266","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031996459","display_name":"Cheikh Mbow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4620-4490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55021457","display_name":"World Agroforestry Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01kmz4383","country_code":"KE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55021457"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cheikh Mbow","raw_affiliation_strings":["World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF-SD6,, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri 00100, Nairobi 30677, Kenya"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF-SD6,, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri 00100, Nairobi 30677, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55021457"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008072307","display_name":"Martin Brandt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9531-1239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54009628","display_name":"University of Bayreuth","ror":"https://ror.org/0234wmv40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54009628"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","display_name":"University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}],"countries":["DE","DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Brandt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark","Institute of Geography, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54009628"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036737107","display_name":"Issa Ou\u00e9draogo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5675-6769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55021457","display_name":"World Agroforestry Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01kmz4383","country_code":"KE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55021457"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Issa Ouedraogo","raw_affiliation_strings":["World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF-SD6,, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri 00100, Nairobi 30677, Kenya"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF-SD6,, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri 00100, Nairobi 30677, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55021457"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101788451","display_name":"Jan de Leeuw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7020-2503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55021457","display_name":"World Agroforestry Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01kmz4383","country_code":"KE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55021457"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan De Leeuw","raw_affiliation_strings":["World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, East and Central African Office, Gigiri 00100, Nairobi 30677, Kenya"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, East and Central African Office, Gigiri 00100, Nairobi 30677, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55021457"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103061969","display_name":"Michael Marshall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9738-5036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55021457","display_name":"World Agroforestry Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01kmz4383","country_code":"KE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55021457"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Marshall","raw_affiliation_strings":["World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF-SD6,, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri 00100, Nairobi 30677, Kenya"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF-SD6,, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri 00100, Nairobi 30677, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55021457"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031996459"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55021457"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":10.5681,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":94,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98461731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"4048","last_page":"4067"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12467","display_name":"Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-degradation","display_name":"Land degradation","score":0.6807345747947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5087156891822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-resource-management","display_name":"Environmental resource management","score":0.4197966158390045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-system-science","display_name":"Earth system science","score":0.41956669092178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.4140092134475708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.3558109700679779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3485654592514038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.13105520606040955}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113052830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3497778","display_name":"Land degradation","level":3,"score":0.6807345747947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5087156891822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.4197966158390045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80368990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3046459","display_name":"Earth system science","level":2,"score":0.41956669092178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.4140092134475708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.3558109700679779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3485654592514038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.13105520606040955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70404048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70404048","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/4/4048/pdf?version=1429697266","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai::49113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eref.uni-bayreuth.de/49113/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196442","display_name":"ERef Bayreuth (University of Bayreuth)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I54009628","host_organization_name":"University of Bayreuth","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54009628"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Artikel in einer Zeitschrift"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c38905bf7db14732bfc4ae48ed184d38","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c38905bf7db14732bfc4ae48ed184d38","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 7, Iss 4, Pp 4048-4067 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/7/4/4048/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs70404048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 7; Issue 4; Pages: 4048-4067","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/95894cb6-3e47-4861-bd96-c446636f9e7b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://curis.ku.dk/portal/da/publications/what-four-decades-of-earth-observation-tell-us-about-land-degradation-in-the-sahel(95894cb6-3e47-4861-bd96-c446636f9e7b).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401983","display_name":"Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","host_organization_name":"University of Copenhagen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/95894cb6-3e47-4861-bd96-c446636f9e7b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchprofiles.ku.dk/da/publications/95894cb6-3e47-4861-bd96-c446636f9e7b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401983","display_name":"Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","host_organization_name":"University of Copenhagen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Mbow , C , Brandt , M S , Ouedraogo , I , de Leeuw , J & Marshall , M 2015 , ' What four decades of earth observation tell us about land degradation in the Sahel? ' , Remote Sensing , vol. 7 , no. 4 , pp. 4048-4067 . https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70404048","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70404048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70404048","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/4/4048/pdf?version=1429697266","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1970438077.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1970438077.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":89,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58916308","https://openalex.org/W112905607","https://openalex.org/W583670911","https://openalex.org/W1489311712","https://openalex.org/W1543956367","https://openalex.org/W1864822919","https://openalex.org/W1889893000","https://openalex.org/W1939006298","https://openalex.org/W1965258109","https://openalex.org/W1969320610","https://openalex.org/W1969779781","https://openalex.org/W1971033341","https://openalex.org/W1972489704","https://openalex.org/W1975999098","https://openalex.org/W1977815313","https://openalex.org/W1978822578","https://openalex.org/W1981348688","https://openalex.org/W1997194559","https://openalex.org/W1997196768","https://openalex.org/W2000563894","https://openalex.org/W2003326025","https://openalex.org/W2004320151","https://openalex.org/W2006451854","https://openalex.org/W2008889095","https://openalex.org/W2016850795","https://openalex.org/W2017036757","https://openalex.org/W2019439434","https://openalex.org/W2024314439","https://openalex.org/W2031981415","https://openalex.org/W2035340046","https://openalex.org/W2037382376","https://openalex.org/W2047239582","https://openalex.org/W2050080934","https://openalex.org/W2054112212","https://openalex.org/W2054502362","https://openalex.org/W2057387551","https://openalex.org/W2058513054","https://openalex.org/W2061020040","https://openalex.org/W2063834016","https://openalex.org/W2063841472","https://openalex.org/W2065311929","https://openalex.org/W2071978272","https://openalex.org/W2076848864","https://openalex.org/W2077530209","https://openalex.org/W2082138982","https://openalex.org/W2085099592","https://openalex.org/W2086473152","https://openalex.org/W2088115382","https://openalex.org/W2088603520","https://openalex.org/W2091597654","https://openalex.org/W2094059506","https://openalex.org/W2095618967","https://openalex.org/W2096009144","https://openalex.org/W2103681825","https://openalex.org/W2105291634","https://openalex.org/W2105339868","https://openalex.org/W2108811427","https://openalex.org/W2115197882","https://openalex.org/W2121871704","https://openalex.org/W2122346823","https://openalex.org/W2123896379","https://openalex.org/W2127578702","https://openalex.org/W2130449444","https://openalex.org/W2131511130","https://openalex.org/W2134825572","https://openalex.org/W2136253503","https://openalex.org/W2151415557","https://openalex.org/W2153532054","https://openalex.org/W2155031047","https://openalex.org/W2155356481","https://openalex.org/W2155962616","https://openalex.org/W2160888827","https://openalex.org/W2161523588","https://openalex.org/W2165312778","https://openalex.org/W2171157338","https://openalex.org/W2292345412","https://openalex.org/W2315716251","https://openalex.org/W2319864175","https://openalex.org/W2327374066","https://openalex.org/W2398943682","https://openalex.org/W2466414038","https://openalex.org/W2482775219","https://openalex.org/W2784190068","https://openalex.org/W2962280379","https://openalex.org/W2981656200","https://openalex.org/W3212483862","https://openalex.org/W6640512271","https://openalex.org/W6663298125","https://openalex.org/W6665197127"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2931688134","https://openalex.org/W2377919138","https://openalex.org/W2378857091","https://openalex.org/W103652678","https://openalex.org/W4226090359","https://openalex.org/W2059697060","https://openalex.org/W936373746","https://openalex.org/W2123939500","https://openalex.org/W1571710837","https://openalex.org/W1279276011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,46,95],"assessment":[1],"of":[2,8,25,40,49,64,98,102,136,150,184],"land":[3,12,41,151],"degradation":[4,42],"and":[5,19,38,52,61,110,129,142,176,187,192,199],"the":[6,36,44,56,85,100,104,107,111,134,148],"quantification":[7],"its":[9],"effects":[10],"on":[11,35,147,174],"productivity":[13],"have":[14],"been":[15,33],"both":[16],"a":[17,144,181],"scientific":[18],"political":[20],"challenge.":[21],"After":[22],"four":[23],"decades":[24],"Earth":[26],"Observation":[27],"(EO)":[28],"applications,":[29],"little":[30],"agreement":[31],"has":[32],"gained":[34],"magnitude":[37,149],"direction":[39],"in":[43,123],"Sahel.":[45],"large":[47],"number":[48],"EO":[50,73,137,206],"datasets":[51],"methods":[53,115],"associated":[54],"with":[55],"complex":[57],"interactions":[58],"among":[59],"biophysical":[60],"social":[62,193],"drivers":[63],"ecosystem":[65],"changes":[66],"make":[67],"it":[68],"difficult":[69],"to":[70,139],"apply":[71],"aggregated":[72],"indices":[74,109,131],"for":[75],"these":[76,117],"non-linear":[77],"processes.":[78],"Hence,":[79],"while":[80],"many":[81,120],"studies":[82],"stress":[83],"that":[84,132,205],"Sahel":[86],"is":[87],"greening,":[88],"others":[89],"indicate":[90],"no":[91],"trend":[92],"or":[93],"browning.":[94],"different":[96],"generations":[97],"sensors,":[99],"granularity":[101],"studies,":[103],"study":[105],"period,":[106],"applied":[108],"assumptions":[112],"and/or":[113],"computational":[114],"impact":[116],"trends.":[118],"Consequently,":[119],"uncertainties":[121],"exist":[122],"regression":[124],"models":[125],"between":[126],"rainfall,":[127],"biomass":[128],"various":[130],"limit":[133],"ability":[135],"science":[138],"adequately":[140],"assess":[141],"develop":[143],"consistent":[145],"message":[146],"degradation.":[152],"We":[153],"suggest":[154],"several":[155],"improvements:":[156],"(1)":[157],"harmonize":[158],"time-series":[159],"data,":[160],"(2)":[161],"promote":[162],"knowledge":[163],"networks,":[164],"(3)":[165],"improve":[166],"data-access,":[167],"(4)":[168],"fill":[169],"data":[170],"gaps,":[171],"(5)":[172],"agree":[173],"scales":[175],"assumptions,":[177],"(6)":[178],"set":[179],"up":[180],"denser":[182],"network":[183],"long-term":[185],"field-surveys":[186],"(7)":[188],"consider":[189],"local":[190],"perceptions":[191],"dynamics.":[194],"To":[195],"allow":[196],"multiple":[197],"perspectives":[198],"avoid":[200],"erroneous":[201],"interpretations,":[202],"we":[203],"underline":[204],"results":[207],"should":[208],"not":[209],"be":[210],"interpreted":[211],"without":[212],"contextual":[213],"knowledge.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-16T09:10:04.655348","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}