{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2067295068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70302952","title":"ASTC-MIMO-TOPS Mode with Digital Beam-Forming in Elevation for High-Resolution Wide-Swath Imaging","display_name":"ASTC-MIMO-TOPS Mode with Digital Beam-Forming in Elevation for High-Resolution Wide-Swath Imaging","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2067295068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70302952","mag":"2067295068"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70302952","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70302952","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/3/2952/pdf?version=1426237272","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/3/2952/pdf?version=1426237272","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088385860","display_name":"Pingping Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7720-1183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pingping Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7720-1183","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059660132","display_name":"Wei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8045-8817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110458","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/01z143507","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Spaceborne Microwave Remote Sensing, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IECAS), Beijing 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Spaceborne Microwave Remote Sensing, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IECAS), Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110458","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088385860"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":6.3363,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97380744,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"2952","last_page":"2970"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tops","display_name":"TOPS","score":0.900177538394928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.7274090647697449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.704145610332489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5909910798072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5530779361724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5492085814476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.5051630139350891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.42602938413619995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.23569336533546448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.21554788947105408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16271665692329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.15834969282150269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0995558500289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.0690910816192627}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777675136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835642","display_name":"TOPS","level":3,"score":0.900177538394928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.7274090647697449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.704145610332489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5909910798072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5530779361724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5492085814476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.5051630139350891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.42602938413619995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.23569336533546448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.21554788947105408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16271665692329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.15834969282150269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0995558500289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0690910816192627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70302952","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70302952","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/3/2952/pdf?version=1426237272","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3622cccc428840bca405054d1872e047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3622cccc428840bca405054d1872e047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 7, Iss 3, Pp 2952-2970 (2015)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70302952","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70302952","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/3/2952/pdf?version=1426237272","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8725753259","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61201433","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2067295068.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2067295068.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130210006","https://openalex.org/W1985053641","https://openalex.org/W1992697451","https://openalex.org/W2002657703","https://openalex.org/W2006966261","https://openalex.org/W2007953097","https://openalex.org/W2025615944","https://openalex.org/W2029220653","https://openalex.org/W2044342629","https://openalex.org/W2046968979","https://openalex.org/W2049711722","https://openalex.org/W2080152740","https://openalex.org/W2103313641","https://openalex.org/W2110964282","https://openalex.org/W2127065135","https://openalex.org/W2130928328","https://openalex.org/W2138038546","https://openalex.org/W2139176447","https://openalex.org/W2139729664","https://openalex.org/W2140401166","https://openalex.org/W2140990782","https://openalex.org/W2141795796","https://openalex.org/W2145348268","https://openalex.org/W2156606791","https://openalex.org/W2413225382","https://openalex.org/W3214953536","https://openalex.org/W6678804407"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2811109569","https://openalex.org/W2385933648","https://openalex.org/W2381557761","https://openalex.org/W2067978743","https://openalex.org/W4231398535","https://openalex.org/W4245680303","https://openalex.org/W1996292569","https://openalex.org/W2043153436","https://openalex.org/W2068843146","https://openalex.org/W2462749609"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Future":[0],"spaceborne":[1,150],"synthetic":[2],"aperture":[3],"radar":[4],"(SAR)":[5],"missions":[6],"require":[7],"complete":[8],"and":[9,60,80,136],"frequent":[10],"coverage":[11,74],"of":[12,94,106,116,126,146],"the":[13,107,113,144,147],"earth":[14],"with":[15,54,75,122],"a":[16,26,76,117],"high":[17,77],"resolution.":[18,35],"Terrain":[19],"Observation":[20],"by":[21],"Progressive":[22],"Scans":[23],"(TOPS)":[24],"is":[25,67,98,129],"novel":[27,149],"wide":[28,120],"swath":[29,121],"mode":[30,43,52,71,152],"but":[31],"has":[32,112],"impaired":[33],"azimuth":[34,66,124],"In":[36],"this":[37,95],"paper,":[38],"an":[39,123],"innovative":[40,70],"extended":[41],"TOPS":[42,50],"named":[44],"Alamouti":[45],"Space-time":[46],"Coding":[47],"multiple-input":[48],"multiple-output":[49],"(ASTC-MIMO-TOPS)":[51],"combined":[53],"digital":[55],"beam-forming":[56],"(DBF)":[57],"in":[58,65,85,100],"elevation":[59],"multi-aperture":[61],"SAR":[62,88,151],"signal":[63],"reconstruction":[64],"proposed.":[68],"This":[69],"achieves":[72],"wide-swath":[73,155],"geometric":[78],"resolution":[79,125],"also":[81],"overcomes":[82],"major":[83],"drawbacks":[84],"conventional":[86],"MIMO":[87],"systems.":[89],"The":[90,102],"data":[91],"processing":[92],"scheme":[93,97],"imaging":[96,114,138],"presented":[99],"detail.":[101],"designed":[103],"system":[104,132],"example":[105],"proposed":[108,148],"ASTC-MIMO-TOPS":[109],"mode,":[110],"which":[111],"capacity":[115],"400":[118],"km":[119],"3":[127],"m,":[128],"given.":[130],"Its":[131],"performance":[133],"analysis":[134],"results":[135,139],"simulated":[137],"on":[140],"point":[141],"targets":[142],"demonstrate":[143],"potential":[145],"for":[153],"high-resolution":[154],"(HRWS)":[156],"imaging.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}