{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2037273692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70100905","title":"Estimation of Land Surface Temperature under Cloudy Skies Using Combined Diurnal Solar Radiation and Surface Temperature Evolution","display_name":"Estimation of Land Surface Temperature under Cloudy Skies Using Combined Diurnal Solar Radiation and Surface Temperature Evolution","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2037273692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70100905","mag":"2037273692"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70100905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70100905","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/1/905/pdf?version=1421743827","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/1/905/pdf?version=1421743827","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100419417","display_name":"Xiaoyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7220-6652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environment and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007226891","display_name":"Jing Pang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environment and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100443350","display_name":"Lingling Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6130-2518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingling Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environment and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100419417"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.6343,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82594948,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"905","last_page":"921"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9778000116348267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7379089593887329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overcast","display_name":"Overcast","score":0.6550248861312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sky","display_name":"Sky","score":0.611319899559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shortwave","display_name":"Shortwave","score":0.5825845003128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shortwave-radiation","display_name":"Shortwave radiation","score":0.5716363191604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5494824647903442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5476745963096619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/daytime","display_name":"Daytime","score":0.503269374370575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.4687407612800598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmosphere","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","score":0.45312029123306274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4388875961303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diurnal-cycle","display_name":"Diurnal cycle","score":0.4271465539932251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation","display_name":"Radiation","score":0.3453887701034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.29209476709365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14506131410598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13141599297523499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10412120819091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.10043445229530334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08852541446685791}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7379089593887329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195452092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055865","display_name":"Overcast","level":3,"score":0.6550248861312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73329638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527","display_name":"Sky","level":2,"score":0.611319899559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776272892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7502249","display_name":"Shortwave","level":3,"score":0.5825845003128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19369268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7502259","display_name":"Shortwave radiation","level":3,"score":0.5716363191604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5494824647903442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5476745963096619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162725370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52643","display_name":"Daytime","level":2,"score":0.503269374370575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.4687407612800598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65440619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177974","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","level":2,"score":0.45312029123306274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4388875961303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63991900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469559","display_name":"Diurnal cycle","level":2,"score":0.4271465539932251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.3453887701034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.29209476709365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14506131410598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13141599297523499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10412120819091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.10043445229530334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08852541446685791}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70100905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70100905","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/1/905/pdf?version=1421743827","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dc3209e59fba46f6994f4cc1898126aa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dc3209e59fba46f6994f4cc1898126aa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 905-921 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/7/1/905/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs70100905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 7; Issue 1; Pages: 905-921","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70100905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70100905","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/1/905/pdf?version=1421743827","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G54660735","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41271381","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2037273692.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2037273692.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965987528","https://openalex.org/W1987828757","https://openalex.org/W2004203830","https://openalex.org/W2014987227","https://openalex.org/W2017452143","https://openalex.org/W2019669012","https://openalex.org/W2026337749","https://openalex.org/W2026686645","https://openalex.org/W2034193527","https://openalex.org/W2034539785","https://openalex.org/W2040880089","https://openalex.org/W2044562303","https://openalex.org/W2051238977","https://openalex.org/W2063226188","https://openalex.org/W2064616890","https://openalex.org/W2068930387","https://openalex.org/W2086283120","https://openalex.org/W2098928783","https://openalex.org/W2111877476","https://openalex.org/W2113034257","https://openalex.org/W2159125887","https://openalex.org/W2169278316","https://openalex.org/W2375579540","https://openalex.org/W6659093088"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3210381770","https://openalex.org/W2363212107","https://openalex.org/W4206717347","https://openalex.org/W3107552455","https://openalex.org/W2080522116","https://openalex.org/W2023477628","https://openalex.org/W2781930621","https://openalex.org/W2473106863","https://openalex.org/W2153550238","https://openalex.org/W4322210658"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Land":[0],"surface":[1,80],"temperature":[2],"(LST)":[3],"is":[4,30,44,82,85,116,152,177,200],"a":[5,34,48,66,159],"key":[6],"parameter":[7],"in":[8,88,100,131,140,231,236],"the":[9,12,18,42,55,95,106,111,129,132,141,146,149,164,173,180,197,204,215,222,226,229,251],"interaction":[10],"of":[11,20,57,148,188,228],"land-atmosphere":[13],"system.":[14],"However,":[15],"clouds":[16],"affect":[17],"retrieval":[19],"LST":[21,134,205,232],"data":[22],"from":[23,76],"thermal-infrared":[24],"remote":[25],"sensing":[26],"data.":[27,124],"Thus,":[28],"it":[29],"important":[31],"to":[32,128,163,172,225],"determine":[33],"method":[35,68,182,252],"for":[36,69,122,190,202],"estimating":[37,70],"LSTs":[38,71,115],"at":[39,94],"times":[40],"when":[41],"sky":[43,208],"overcast.":[45],"Based":[46],"on":[47,54,247],"one-dimensional":[49],"heat":[50],"transfer":[51],"equation":[52],"and":[53,60,79,113,139,167,185],"evolution":[56],"daily":[58],"temperatures":[59,81],"net":[61],"shortwave":[62],"solar":[63],"radiation":[64],"(NSSR),":[65],"new":[67,198],"under":[72,135,206],"cloudy":[73,123,207],"skies":[74,137],"(Tcloud)":[75],"diurnal":[77],"NSSR":[78,143,170,186],"proposed.":[83],"Validation":[84],"performed":[86],"against":[87],"situ":[89],"measurements":[90],"that":[91,105,145,196],"were":[92],"obtained":[93,150],"ChangWu":[96],"ecosystem":[97],"experimental":[98],"station":[99],"China.":[101],"The":[102,193],"results":[103,194],"show":[104],"root-mean-square":[107],"error":[108],"(RMSE)":[109],"between":[110],"actual":[112,165,174],"estimated":[114,133,142,178],"as":[117,119],"large":[118],"1.23":[120],"K":[121,156,161],"A":[125],"sensitivity":[126],"analysis":[127],"errors":[130,171],"clear":[136],"(Tclear)":[138],"reveals":[144],"RMSE":[147],"Tcloud":[151,176],"less":[153,242],"than":[154,243],"1.5":[155],"after":[157],"adding":[158],"0.5":[160],"bias":[162],"Tclear":[166,184,245],"10":[168],"percent":[169],"NSSR.":[175],"by":[179,234],"proposed":[181],"using":[183],"products":[187],"MSG-SEVIRI":[189],"southern":[191],"Europe.":[192],"indicate":[195],"algorithm":[199],"practical":[201],"retrieving":[203],"conditions,":[209],"although":[210],"some":[211],"uncertainty":[212],"exists.":[213],"Notably,":[214],"approach":[216],"can":[217],"only":[218],"be":[219,254],"used":[220],"during":[221],"daytime":[223],"due":[224],"assumption":[227],"variation":[230],"caused":[233],"variations":[235],"insolation.":[237],"Further,":[238],"if":[239],"there":[240],"are":[241],"six":[244],"observations":[246],"any":[248],"given":[249],"day,":[250],"cannot":[253],"used.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}