{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965465785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70100865","title":"Seasonal Land Cover Dynamics in Beijing Derived from Landsat 8 Data Using a Spatio-Temporal Contextual Approach","display_name":"Seasonal Land Cover Dynamics in Beijing Derived from Landsat 8 Data Using a Spatio-Temporal Contextual Approach","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965465785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70100865","mag":"1965465785"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70100865","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70100865","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/1/865/pdf?version=1421239725","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/1/865/pdf?version=1421239725","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440145","display_name":"Jie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9663-3165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I4210128053","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100332236","display_name":"Congcong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0914-8955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Congcong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023037052","display_name":"Luanyun Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luanyun Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101625788","display_name":"Yuanyuan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5447-2861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108116567","display_name":"Huabing Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huabing Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I4210128053","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059264917","display_name":"Peng Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1513-3765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peng Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing 100875, China","Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I4210128053","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059264917"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053","https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.1245,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90396769,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"865","last_page":"881"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.6959403157234192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6111710071563721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beijing","display_name":"Beijing","score":0.5716447234153748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.4793720543384552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-random-field","display_name":"Markov random field","score":0.47438839077949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4404464662075043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.41391435265541077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.40363597869873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.3711760640144348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.3699886202812195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3080991804599762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.1852584183216095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16512691974639893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.13931375741958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.13088127970695496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09549245238304138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.078396737575531}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.6959403157234192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6111710071563721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657474","display_name":"Beijing","level":3,"score":0.5716447234153748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.4793720543384552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778045648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176827","display_name":"Markov random field","level":4,"score":0.47438839077949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4404464662075043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.41391435265541077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.40363597869873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.3711760640144348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.3699886202812195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3080991804599762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.1852584183216095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16512691974639893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.13931375741958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.13088127970695496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09549245238304138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.078396737575531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70100865","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70100865","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/1/865/pdf?version=1421239725","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a133f362246947c4ad0e9146200cf64e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a133f362246947c4ad0e9146200cf64e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 865-881 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/7/1/865/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs70100865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 7; Issue 1; Pages: 865-881","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs70100865","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70100865","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/1/865/pdf?version=1421239725","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1722348496","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41271423","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3805204284","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2012Z02287","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4692714138","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41001274","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4726973991","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2012Z02287","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322392","funder_display_name":"Tsinghua University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322392","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1965465785.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1965465785.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554544485","https://openalex.org/W1974001932","https://openalex.org/W1979210946","https://openalex.org/W1981213426","https://openalex.org/W1990509145","https://openalex.org/W1994098085","https://openalex.org/W1996777760","https://openalex.org/W1997980023","https://openalex.org/W2001510610","https://openalex.org/W2014555541","https://openalex.org/W2030864384","https://openalex.org/W2031841848","https://openalex.org/W2042692910","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2048521685","https://openalex.org/W2050755221","https://openalex.org/W2053886687","https://openalex.org/W2054653365","https://openalex.org/W2055718260","https://openalex.org/W2065533253","https://openalex.org/W2072881174","https://openalex.org/W2087120756","https://openalex.org/W2097054682","https://openalex.org/W2107131609","https://openalex.org/W2121025662","https://openalex.org/W2121601221","https://openalex.org/W2132424470","https://openalex.org/W2134336843","https://openalex.org/W2139709933","https://openalex.org/W2140908571","https://openalex.org/W2150280378","https://openalex.org/W2161336494","https://openalex.org/W2325182651","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015747722","https://openalex.org/W2362050182","https://openalex.org/W2382418233","https://openalex.org/W2369897927","https://openalex.org/W3031731056","https://openalex.org/W4293167957","https://openalex.org/W2361035307","https://openalex.org/W2380455807","https://openalex.org/W2993975634","https://openalex.org/W2021379394"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Seasonal":[0],"dynamic":[1,31,115],"land":[2,32,58,116],"cover":[3,33,59,117,120],"maps":[4,121],"could":[5],"provide":[6],"useful":[7],"information":[8,112],"to":[9,29,55,70,92,102,156,177,195],"ecosystem,":[10],"water-resource":[11],"and":[12,107,137,170],"climate":[13],"modelers.":[14],"However,":[15],"they":[16],"are":[17],"rarely":[18],"mapped":[19],"more":[20],"frequent":[21],"than":[22],"annually.":[23],"Here,":[24],"we":[25],"propose":[26],"an":[27,171],"approach":[28],"map":[30,56],"types":[34],"with":[35,123,162,181],"frequently":[36],"available":[37],"satellite":[38],"data.":[39],"Landsat":[40,83],"8":[41,84],"data":[42,125],"acquired":[43],"from":[44,165,193],"nine":[45],"dates":[46],"over":[47],"Beijing":[48],"within":[49],"a":[50],"one-year":[51],"period":[52],"were":[53,76,100,131,141,168],"used":[54,87,132],"seasonal":[57],"dynamics.":[60],"A":[61,148],"two-step":[62],"procedure":[63],"was":[64,154,174],"performed":[65],"for":[66,78,146,189],"training":[67],"sample":[68],"collection":[69],"get":[71],"better":[72],"results.":[73],"Sample":[74],"sets":[75,97],"interpreted":[77],"each":[79,190],"acquisition":[80],"date":[81,191],"of":[82,98,109],"image.":[85],"We":[86],"the":[88,94,114,127,158,178],"random":[89,150],"forest":[90],"classifier":[91],"realize":[93],"mapping.":[95],"Nine":[96],"experiments":[99],"designed":[101],"incorporate":[103],"different":[104],"input":[105],"features":[106,145,164],"use":[108],"spatial":[110],"temporal":[111],"into":[113],"classification.":[118],"Land":[119],"obtained":[122],"single-date":[124],"in":[126],"optical":[128],"spectral":[129],"region":[130],"as":[133,143],"benchmarks.":[134],"Texture,":[135],"NDVI":[136],"thermal":[138],"infrared":[139],"bands":[140],"added":[142],"new":[144],"improvements.":[147],"Markov":[149],"field":[151],"(MRF)":[152],"model":[153,173],"applied":[155,176],"maintain":[157],"spatio-temporal":[159],"consistency.":[160],"Classifications":[161],"all":[163,166,182],"images":[167],"performed,":[169],"MRF":[172],"also":[175],"results":[179],"estimated":[180],"features.":[183],"The":[184],"best":[185],"overall":[186],"accuracies":[187],"achieved":[188],"ranged":[192],"75.31%":[194],"85.61%.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}