{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2081558173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61212837","title":"A Versatile, Production-Oriented Approach to High-Resolution Tree-Canopy Mapping in Urban and Suburban Landscapes Using GEOBIA and Data Fusion","display_name":"A Versatile, Production-Oriented Approach to High-Resolution Tree-Canopy Mapping in Urban and Suburban Landscapes Using GEOBIA and Data Fusion","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2081558173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61212837","mag":"2081558173"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs61212837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61212837","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/6/12/12837/pdf?version=1419244834","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/6/12/12837/pdf?version=1419244834","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017106847","display_name":"Jarlath O\u2019Neil\u2010Dunne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5352-7389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111236770","display_name":"University of Vermont","ror":"https://ror.org/0155zta11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jarlath O'Neil-Dunne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spatial Analysis Laboratory, University of Vermont, Aiken Center, 81 Carrigan Dr., Burlington,  VT 05405, USA","Spatial Analysis Laboratory, University of Vermont, Aiken Center, 81 Carrigan Dr., Burlington, VT 05405, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spatial Analysis Laboratory, University of Vermont, Aiken Center, 81 Carrigan Dr., Burlington,  VT 05405, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spatial Analysis Laboratory, University of Vermont, Aiken Center, 81 Carrigan Dr., Burlington, VT 05405, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063919651","display_name":"Sean W. MacFaden","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111236770","display_name":"University of Vermont","ror":"https://ror.org/0155zta11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean MacFaden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spatial Analysis Laboratory, University of Vermont, Aiken Center, 81 Carrigan Dr., Burlington,  VT 05405, USA","Spatial Analysis Laboratory, University of Vermont, Aiken Center, 81 Carrigan Dr., Burlington, VT 05405, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spatial Analysis Laboratory, University of Vermont, Aiken Center, 81 Carrigan Dr., Burlington,  VT 05405, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spatial Analysis Laboratory, University of Vermont, Aiken Center, 81 Carrigan Dr., Burlington, VT 05405, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038485551","display_name":"Anna R. Royar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111236770","display_name":"University of Vermont","ror":"https://ror.org/0155zta11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Royar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spatial Analysis Laboratory, University of Vermont, Aiken Center, 81 Carrigan Dr., Burlington,  VT 05405, USA","Spatial Analysis Laboratory, University of Vermont, Aiken Center, 81 Carrigan Dr., Burlington, VT 05405, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spatial Analysis Laboratory, University of Vermont, Aiken Center, 81 Carrigan Dr., Burlington,  VT 05405, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spatial Analysis Laboratory, University of Vermont, Aiken Center, 81 Carrigan Dr., Burlington, VT 05405, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017106847"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":5.2711,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":100,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95246383,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"12","first_page":"12837","last_page":"12865"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5872759222984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-resolution","display_name":"High resolution","score":0.4344160854816437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.4128096103668213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.38304051756858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.26267868280410767}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5872759222984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020199158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"High resolution","level":2,"score":0.4344160854816437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.4128096103668213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.38304051756858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.26267868280410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs61212837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61212837","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/6/12/12837/pdf?version=1419244834","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7b09d87a7bfa4447a1a4c1bf80e5f43e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7b09d87a7bfa4447a1a4c1bf80e5f43e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 6, Iss 12, Pp 12837-12865 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/6/12/12837/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs61212837","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 6; Issue 12; Pages: 12837-12865","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs61212837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61212837","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/6/12/12837/pdf?version=1419244834","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1308550743","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1027188","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1394904782","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DEB 1027188","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1722626671","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1065785","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8060278329","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNX12AN07G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8600922523","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1053559","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332478","display_name":"U.S. Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmjc935"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337809","display_name":"Northern Research Station","ror":"https://ror.org/019jdc178"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2081558173.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2081558173.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W131706810","https://openalex.org/W245229738","https://openalex.org/W569389936","https://openalex.org/W1539655723","https://openalex.org/W1588713494","https://openalex.org/W1963832500","https://openalex.org/W1967113280","https://openalex.org/W1984792953","https://openalex.org/W1985822507","https://openalex.org/W1999053217","https://openalex.org/W2043383864","https://openalex.org/W2044686195","https://openalex.org/W2061240006","https://openalex.org/W2079714073","https://openalex.org/W2103341162","https://openalex.org/W2104003922","https://openalex.org/W2108231171","https://openalex.org/W2111841011","https://openalex.org/W2120482541","https://openalex.org/W2121934235","https://openalex.org/W2127476821","https://openalex.org/W2138973222","https://openalex.org/W2140131090","https://openalex.org/W2156224082","https://openalex.org/W2161986609","https://openalex.org/W2168018447","https://openalex.org/W2183024858","https://openalex.org/W2186173465","https://openalex.org/W2312997001","https://openalex.org/W6609464249","https://openalex.org/W6684717417","https://openalex.org/W7001250773","https://openalex.org/W7042302592"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2347729776","https://openalex.org/W2081457971","https://openalex.org/W2028659695","https://openalex.org/W2072749356","https://openalex.org/W2587804871","https://openalex.org/W2014400117","https://openalex.org/W4389236673","https://openalex.org/W2423785987","https://openalex.org/W4389056191","https://openalex.org/W4313890208"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"benefits":[1],"of":[2,31,33,92,109],"tree":[3,41,123],"canopy":[4,42,124],"in":[5,72,141],"urban":[6,37],"and":[7,27,55,76,95,105,111,118,134,145,155,180,194],"suburban":[8],"landscapes":[9],"are":[10,126,172],"increasingly":[11],"well":[12],"known:":[13],"stormwater":[14],"runoff":[15],"control,":[16],"air-pollution":[17],"mitigation,":[18],"temperature":[19],"regulation,":[20],"carbon":[21],"storage,":[22],"wildlife":[23],"habitat,":[24],"neighborhood":[25],"cohesion,":[26],"other":[28,119],"social":[29],"indicators":[30],"quality":[32],"life.":[34],"However,":[35],"many":[36],"areas":[38],"lack":[39],"high-resolution":[40,164],"maps":[43,165,171],"that":[44,66],"document":[45],"baseline":[46],"conditions":[47],"or":[48,82],"inform":[49],"tree-planting":[50],"programs,":[51],"limiting":[52],"effective":[53],"study":[54],"management.":[56],"This":[57,87],"paper":[58],"describes":[59],"a":[60,107,149],"GEOBIA":[61,150],"approach":[62,89,151],"to":[63,101,113],"tree-canopy":[64],"mapping":[65],"relies":[67],"on":[68],"existing":[69],"public":[70],"investments":[71],"LiDAR,":[73],"multispectral":[74],"imagery,":[75],"thematic":[77],"GIS":[78],"layers,":[79],"thus":[80],"eliminating":[81],"reducing":[83],"data":[84,153],"acquisition":[85],"costs.":[86],"versatile":[88],"accommodates":[90],"datasets":[91],"varying":[93],"content":[94],"quality,":[96],"first":[97],"using":[98],"LiDAR":[99,110],"derivatives":[100],"identify":[102],"aboveground":[103],"features":[104],"then":[106,127],"combination":[108],"imagery":[112],"differentiate":[114],"trees":[115],"from":[116,139],"buildings":[117],"anthropogenic":[120],"structures.":[121],"Initial":[122],"objects":[125],"refined":[128],"through":[129],"contextual":[130],"analysis,":[131],"morphological":[132],"smoothing,":[133],"small-gap":[135],"filling.":[136],"Case":[137],"studies":[138],"locations":[140],"the":[142],"United":[143],"States":[144],"Canada":[146],"show":[147],"how":[148],"incorporating":[152],"fusion":[154],"enterprise":[156],"processing":[157],"can":[158],"be":[159],"used":[160],"for":[161,166,175],"producing":[162],"high-accuracy,":[163],"large":[167],"geographic":[168],"extents.":[169],"These":[170],"designed":[173],"specifically":[174],"practical":[176],"application":[177],"by":[178],"planning":[179],"regulatory":[181],"end":[182],"users":[183],"who":[184],"expect":[185],"not":[186],"only":[187],"high":[188,192],"accuracy":[189],"but":[190],"also":[191],"realism":[193],"visual":[195],"coherence.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}