{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1981234070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6065151","title":"A Multi-Scale Weighted Back Projection Imaging Technique for Ground Penetrating Radar Applications","display_name":"A Multi-Scale Weighted Back Projection Imaging Technique for Ground Penetrating Radar Applications","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1981234070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6065151","mag":"1981234070"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs6065151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6065151","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/6/6/5151/pdf?version=1403137455","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/6/6/5151/pdf?version=1403137455","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028145360","display_name":"Wentai Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3916-0533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wentai Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069105584","display_name":"Ronghua Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronghua Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065630092","display_name":"Jian Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8220-8424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016423192","display_name":"Yujia Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6683-2932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujia Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028145360"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.0018,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77843798,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"6","first_page":"5151","last_page":"5163"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/back-projection","display_name":"Back projection","score":0.6481447219848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.6101327538490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretization","display_name":"Discretization","score":0.5834887027740479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5795881748199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5550353527069092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.5148341059684753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.5115602612495422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.49210041761398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46748441457748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.4569944739341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.38356688618659973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3650549650192261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.36467239260673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3616018295288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.27620428800582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13344556093215942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08366784453392029}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987509899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q768292","display_name":"Back projection","level":2,"score":0.6481447219848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.6101327538490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73000952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007827","display_name":"Discretization","level":2,"score":0.5834887027740479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5795881748199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5550353527069092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.5148341059684753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.5115602612495422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.49210041761398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46748441457748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4569944739341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.38356688618659973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3650549650192261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.36467239260673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3616018295288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.27620428800582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13344556093215942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08366784453392029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs6065151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6065151","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/6/6/5151/pdf?version=1403137455","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c48e61ba2dfc473388b61376c2b7aa8b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c48e61ba2dfc473388b61376c2b7aa8b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 6, Iss 6, Pp 5151-5163 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/6/6/5151/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs6065151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 6; Issue 6; Pages: 5151-5163","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs6065151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6065151","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/6/6/5151/pdf?version=1403137455","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7806628520","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61102139","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8589651859","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334992","display_name":"Construct Program of the Key Discipline in Hunan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsfaz62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1981234070.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1981234070.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W596928057","https://openalex.org/W1492856177","https://openalex.org/W1504574115","https://openalex.org/W1538880446","https://openalex.org/W1963858050","https://openalex.org/W1967360866","https://openalex.org/W1985142120","https://openalex.org/W2062771059","https://openalex.org/W2112003220","https://openalex.org/W2117102180","https://openalex.org/W2119792456","https://openalex.org/W2146348617","https://openalex.org/W2153538125","https://openalex.org/W2154637717","https://openalex.org/W2313513882","https://openalex.org/W2541364248"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4315471419","https://openalex.org/W2946057701","https://openalex.org/W2374146176","https://openalex.org/W2620680451","https://openalex.org/W2084575378","https://openalex.org/W1971278173","https://openalex.org/W1511891833","https://openalex.org/W2044881694","https://openalex.org/W1502250341","https://openalex.org/W2141503510"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,60,112],"this":[1,151,162],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"a":[5],"new":[6],"ground":[7],"penetrating":[8],"radar":[9],"(GPR)":[10],"imaging":[11,24,33,41,53,71,79,106,115,136,146],"technique":[12],"based":[13],"on":[14,94],"multi-scale":[15,114],"weighted":[16,77],"back":[17],"projection":[18],"(BP)":[19],"processing.":[20],"Firstly,":[21],"the":[22,44,61,88,95,105,109,113,117,159],"whole":[23],"region":[25],"is":[26,35,66,73,84,122,153],"discretized":[27],"by":[28,37,55,75,86],"large":[29],"scale":[30,64],"and":[31,68,155],"low-resolution":[32,52],"result":[34,54,72],"obtained":[36,74],"using":[38,56,76],"traditional":[39,144],"BP":[40,78,145],"technique.":[42,80],"Secondly,":[43],"potential":[45],"targets":[46],"regions":[47,121],"(PTR)":[48],"are":[49],"delineated":[50],"from":[51],"intensity":[57],"detection":[58],"method.":[59,163],"PTR,":[62],"small":[63],"discretization":[65],"implemented":[67],"higher":[69,134],"resolution":[70,107,118,135],"A":[81],"weight":[82],"factor":[83],"designed":[85],"analyzing":[87],"statistical":[89],"characteristics":[90],"of":[91,150,161],"scattering":[92],"data":[93],"time-delay":[96],"curve.":[97],"The":[98,148],"above":[99],"\u201cdiscretization-imaging-PTR":[100],"delineation\u201d":[101],"processing":[102],"continues":[103],"until":[104],"reaches":[108],"specified":[110],"requirement.":[111],"result,":[116],"in":[119,128],"other":[120],"not":[123],"as":[124,126],"high":[125],"that":[127],"PTR.":[129],"This":[130],"algorithm":[131,152],"can":[132],"get":[133],"results":[137,157],"with":[138,143],"much":[139],"lower":[140],"computation":[141],"compared":[142],"algorithm.":[147],"simulation":[149],"processed":[154],"experimental":[156],"validate":[158],"feasibility":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
