{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1970991873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6054323","title":"Tree Stem and Height Measurements using Terrestrial Laser Scanning and the RANSAC Algorithm","display_name":"Tree Stem and Height Measurements using Terrestrial Laser Scanning and the RANSAC Algorithm","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1970991873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6054323","mag":"1970991873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs6054323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6054323","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/6/5/4323/pdf?version=1403137382","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/6/5/4323/pdf?version=1403137382","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016283812","display_name":"Kenneth Olofsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2836-2316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I298625061","display_name":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02yy8x990","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I298625061"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth Olofsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU Skogsmarksgr\u00e4nd, Ume\u00e5 901 83, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU Skogsmarksgr\u00e4nd, Ume\u00e5 901 83, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I298625061"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063701688","display_name":"Johan Holmgren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7112-8015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I298625061","display_name":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02yy8x990","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I298625061"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johan Holmgren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU Skogsmarksgr\u00e4nd, Ume\u00e5 901 83, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU Skogsmarksgr\u00e4nd, Ume\u00e5 901 83, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I298625061"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103265131","display_name":"H\u00e5kan Olsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3476-1401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I298625061","display_name":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02yy8x990","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I298625061"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H\u00e5kan Olsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU Skogsmarksgr\u00e4nd, Ume\u00e5 901 83, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU Skogsmarksgr\u00e4nd, Ume\u00e5 901 83, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I298625061"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016283812"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I298625061"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":983,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1060},"fwci":10.6759,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":233,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98757439,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"5","first_page":"4323","last_page":"4344"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12713","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scots-pine","display_name":"Scots pine","score":0.754280686378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-scanning","display_name":"Laser scanning","score":0.659042239189148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5758028030395508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5380304455757141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ransac","display_name":"RANSAC","score":0.5321879386901855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.49676042795181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diameter-at-breast-height","display_name":"Diameter at breast height","score":0.4277839660644531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.35066652297973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pinus-genus","display_name":"Pinus <genus>","score":0.34579792618751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.284965842962265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.27874162793159485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.2369806468486786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.16345354914665222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1425657570362091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1415954828262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.12857577204704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.10038816928863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09431639313697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.07466015219688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779128174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133128","display_name":"Scots pine","level":3,"score":0.754280686378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141349535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361664","display_name":"Laser scanning","level":3,"score":0.659042239189148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5758028030395508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5380304455757141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114744707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218533","display_name":"RANSAC","level":3,"score":0.5321879386901855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.49676042795181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58330081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q973582","display_name":"Diameter at breast height","level":2,"score":0.4277839660644531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.35066652297973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910048773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1924659","display_name":"Pinus <genus>","level":2,"score":0.34579792618751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.284965842962265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.27874162793159485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.2369806468486786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16345354914665222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1425657570362091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1415954828262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.12857577204704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10038816928863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09431639313697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.07466015219688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs6054323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6054323","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/6/5/4323/pdf?version=1403137382","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9586aa2ea4b24fea910a49ae1fa69e1b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9586aa2ea4b24fea910a49ae1fa69e1b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 6, Iss 5, Pp 4323-4344 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/6/5/4323/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs6054323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 6; Issue 5; Pages: 4323-4344","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs6054323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6054323","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/6/5/4323/pdf?version=1403137382","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321033","display_name":"Svenska Forskningsr\u00e5det Formas","ror":"https://ror.org/03pjs1y45"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1970991873.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1970991873.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37424578","https://openalex.org/W37754739","https://openalex.org/W143100704","https://openalex.org/W322701041","https://openalex.org/W1557351835","https://openalex.org/W1572550595","https://openalex.org/W1591096798","https://openalex.org/W1882707605","https://openalex.org/W1963641565","https://openalex.org/W1964011242","https://openalex.org/W1964264130","https://openalex.org/W1984982830","https://openalex.org/W1985045038","https://openalex.org/W1986104804","https://openalex.org/W1987610258","https://openalex.org/W1990755898","https://openalex.org/W1993517568","https://openalex.org/W2009517297","https://openalex.org/W2014091167","https://openalex.org/W2023877723","https://openalex.org/W2024548552","https://openalex.org/W2052632539","https://openalex.org/W2062883956","https://openalex.org/W2066709404","https://openalex.org/W2071635229","https://openalex.org/W2082022750","https://openalex.org/W2086970743","https://openalex.org/W2113748593","https://openalex.org/W2114191733","https://openalex.org/W2138638928","https://openalex.org/W2143709956","https://openalex.org/W2146525372","https://openalex.org/W2156067790","https://openalex.org/W2157096137","https://openalex.org/W2157369266","https://openalex.org/W2322369336","https://openalex.org/W2460040429","https://openalex.org/W2797392385","https://openalex.org/W2895573404","https://openalex.org/W3149424266","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6605807493","https://openalex.org/W6635494218","https://openalex.org/W6700585056","https://openalex.org/W6750505841","https://openalex.org/W6755575998","https://openalex.org/W6981679937","https://openalex.org/W6989354073","https://openalex.org/W7007813637"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4404590198","https://openalex.org/W3029345455","https://openalex.org/W2001682771","https://openalex.org/W919648856","https://openalex.org/W1125458415","https://openalex.org/W4404168502","https://openalex.org/W4392627646","https://openalex.org/W1990224626","https://openalex.org/W769111903","https://openalex.org/W3029331613"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Terrestrial":[0],"laser":[1],"scanning":[2],"is":[3],"a":[4,24,145,162],"promising":[5],"technique":[6],"for":[7,27,68,133,158,166],"automatic":[8],"measurements":[9,32,155],"of":[10,15,33,51,99,114,126,149,164],"tree":[11,34,79],"stems.":[12],"The":[13,76,97,151,174],"objectives":[14],"the":[16,28,39,43,49,54,57,104,107,112,122,124,134,137,168],"study":[17],"were":[18,66,81,156],"(1)":[19],"to":[20,53,106,183],"develop":[21],"and":[22,31,36,42,46,62,93,110,136,179],"validate":[23],"new":[25],"method":[26],"detection,":[29],"classification":[30],"stems":[35],"canopies":[37],"using":[38],"Hough":[40],"transformation":[41],"RANSAC":[44,175],"algorithm":[45,176],"(2)":[47],"assess":[48],"influence":[50],"distance":[52,105],"scanner":[55,108],"on":[56,131],"measurement":[58],"accuracy.":[59],"Tree":[60],"detection":[61],"stem":[63],"diameter":[64,138,154],"estimates":[65],"validated":[67],"16":[69],"circular":[70],"plots":[71,135],"with":[72,144],"20":[73,170],"m":[74,120,171],"radius.":[75],"three":[77],"dominating":[78],"species":[80],"Norway":[82],"spruce":[83],"(Picea":[84],"abies":[85],"L.":[86],"Karst.),":[87],"Scots":[88],"pine":[89],"(Pinus":[90],"sylvestris":[91],"L.)":[92],"birch":[94],"(Betula":[95],"spp.).":[96],"proportion":[98,125],"detected":[100,127],"trees":[101,128],"decreased":[102],"as":[103],"increased":[109],"followed":[111],"trend":[113],"decreasing":[115],"visible":[116],"area.":[117],"Within":[118],"10":[119],"from":[121],"scanner,":[123],"was":[129,142],"87%":[130],"average":[132],"at":[139],"breast":[140],"height":[141],"estimated":[143],"relative":[146],"root-mean-square-error":[147],"(RMSE)":[148],"14%.":[150],"most":[152],"accurate":[153],"obtained":[157],"pine,":[159],"which":[160],"had":[161],"RMSE":[163],"7%":[165],"all":[167],"full":[169],"radius":[172],"plots.":[173],"reduced":[177],"noise":[178],"made":[180],"it":[181],"possible":[182],"obtain":[184],"reliable":[185],"estimates.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
