{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997196768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6043446","title":"Rain-Use-Efficiency: What it Tells us about the Conflicting Sahel Greening and Sahelian Paradox","display_name":"Rain-Use-Efficiency: What it Tells us about the Conflicting Sahel Greening and Sahelian Paradox","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997196768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6043446","mag":"1997196768"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs6043446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6043446","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/6/4/3446/pdf?version=1403137240","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/6/4/3446/pdf?version=1403137240","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048853994","display_name":"C\u00e9cile Dardel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134560555","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier","ror":"https://ror.org/02v6kpv12","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134560555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125535","display_name":"Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es","ror":"https://ror.org/030syve83","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1327553481","https://openalex.org/I154202486","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210125535","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4405257220","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164289","display_name":"G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/05k0qmv73","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1327553481","https://openalex.org/I154202486","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210148025","https://openalex.org/I4210164289","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4405257220","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166444","display_name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement","ror":"https://ror.org/05q3vnk25","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1327553481","https://openalex.org/I154202486","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4405257220"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C\u00e9cile Dardel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France","GET - G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse (Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es 14 Avenue Edouard Belin 31400 Toulouse - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164289","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4210125535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GET - G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse (Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es 14 Avenue Edouard Belin 31400 Toulouse - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164289","https://openalex.org/I4210125535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083660311","display_name":"Laurent Kergoat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1792-8473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134560555","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier","ror":"https://ror.org/02v6kpv12","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134560555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125535","display_name":"Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es","ror":"https://ror.org/030syve83","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1327553481","https://openalex.org/I154202486","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210125535","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4405257220","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164289","display_name":"G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/05k0qmv73","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1327553481","https://openalex.org/I154202486","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210148025","https://openalex.org/I4210164289","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4405257220","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166444","display_name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement","ror":"https://ror.org/05q3vnk25","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1327553481","https://openalex.org/I154202486","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4405257220"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurent Kergoat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France","GET - G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse (Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es 14 Avenue Edouard Belin 31400 Toulouse - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164289","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4210125535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GET - G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse (Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es 14 Avenue Edouard Belin 31400 Toulouse - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164289","https://openalex.org/I4210125535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012794036","display_name":"Pierre Hiernaux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1764-9178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134560555","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier","ror":"https://ror.org/02v6kpv12","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134560555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125535","display_name":"Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es","ror":"https://ror.org/030syve83","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1327553481","https://openalex.org/I154202486","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210125535","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4405257220","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164289","display_name":"G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/05k0qmv73","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1327553481","https://openalex.org/I154202486","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210148025","https://openalex.org/I4210164289","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4405257220","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166444","display_name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement","ror":"https://ror.org/05q3vnk25","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1327553481","https://openalex.org/I154202486","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4405257220"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Hiernaux","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France","GET - G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse (Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es 14 Avenue Edouard Belin 31400 Toulouse - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164289","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4210125535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GET - G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse (Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es 14 Avenue Edouard Belin 31400 Toulouse - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164289","https://openalex.org/I4210125535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058629264","display_name":"Manuela Grippa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4889-7975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134560555","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier","ror":"https://ror.org/02v6kpv12","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134560555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125535","display_name":"Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es","ror":"https://ror.org/030syve83","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1327553481","https://openalex.org/I154202486","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210125535","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4405257220","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164289","display_name":"G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/05k0qmv73","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1327553481","https://openalex.org/I154202486","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210148025","https://openalex.org/I4210164289","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4405257220","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166444","display_name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement","ror":"https://ror.org/05q3vnk25","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1327553481","https://openalex.org/I154202486","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4405257220"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuela Grippa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France","GET - G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse (Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es 14 Avenue Edouard Belin 31400 Toulouse - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164289","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4210125535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GET - G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse (Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es 14 Avenue Edouard Belin 31400 Toulouse - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164289","https://openalex.org/I4210125535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009681182","display_name":"\u00c9. Mougin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7569-5906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134560555","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier","ror":"https://ror.org/02v6kpv12","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134560555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125535","display_name":"Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es","ror":"https://ror.org/030syve83","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1327553481","https://openalex.org/I154202486","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210125535","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4405257220","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164289","display_name":"G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/05k0qmv73","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1327553481","https://openalex.org/I154202486","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210148025","https://openalex.org/I4210164289","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4405257220","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166444","display_name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement","ror":"https://ror.org/05q3vnk25","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1327553481","https://openalex.org/I154202486","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4405257220"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Mougin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France","GET - G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse (Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es 14 Avenue Edouard Belin 31400 Toulouse - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164289","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4210125535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GET - G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse (Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es 14 Avenue Edouard Belin 31400 Toulouse - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164289","https://openalex.org/I4210125535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070378593","display_name":"Philippe Ciais","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-4943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195731000","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines","ror":"https://ror.org/03mkjjy25","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195731000","https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124937","display_name":"Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement","ror":"https://ror.org/03dsd0g48","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I195731000","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210113668","https://openalex.org/I4210124937","https://openalex.org/I4210148025"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128565","display_name":"CEA Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03n15ch10","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philippe Ciais","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), UMR 8212 (CNRS/CEA/UVSQ/), F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France","LSCE - Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (B\u00e2t. 12,\r\navenue de la Terrasse, \r\nF-91198 GIF-SUR-YVETTE CEDEX\r\n - France)","ICOS-ATC - ICOS-ATC (LSCE. CEA Paris-Saclay. Orme des merisiers.  91190 Saint-Aubin. - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), UMR 8212 (CNRS/CEA/UVSQ/), F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195731000","https://openalex.org/I4210124937","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LSCE - Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (B\u00e2t. 12,\r\navenue de la Terrasse, \r\nF-91198 GIF-SUR-YVETTE CEDEX\r\n - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124937"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICOS-ATC - ICOS-ATC (LSCE. CEA Paris-Saclay. Orme des merisiers.  91190 Saint-Aubin. - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103421790","display_name":"Cam-Chi Nguyen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134560555","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier","ror":"https://ror.org/02v6kpv12","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134560555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125535","display_name":"Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es","ror":"https://ror.org/030syve83","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1327553481","https://openalex.org/I154202486","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210125535","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4405257220","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164289","display_name":"G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/05k0qmv73","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1327553481","https://openalex.org/I154202486","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210148025","https://openalex.org/I4210164289","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4405257220","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166444","display_name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement","ror":"https://ror.org/05q3vnk25","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1327553481","https://openalex.org/I154202486","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4405257220"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cam-Chi Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France","GET - G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse (Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es 14 Avenue Edouard Belin 31400 Toulouse - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164289","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4210125535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GET - G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse (Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es 14 Avenue Edouard Belin 31400 Toulouse - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164289","https://openalex.org/I4210125535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":27.2633,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":105,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99633675,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"3446","last_page":"3474"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10439","display_name":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10439","display_name":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12467","display_name":"Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology","score":0.9391999840736389,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10319","display_name":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","score":0.9182999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greening","display_name":"Greening","score":0.8476649522781372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4756314754486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.4146155118942261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.15892574191093445}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778354632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5604190","display_name":"Greening","level":2,"score":0.8476649522781372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4756314754486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4146155118942261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.15892574191093445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs6043446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6043446","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/6/4/3446/pdf?version=1403137240","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02928539v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-02928539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, 2014, 6 (4), pp.3446-3474. ⟨10.3390/rs6043446⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3c9a808cda364b6bb0a8622c806543f1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3c9a808cda364b6bb0a8622c806543f1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 6, Iss 4, Pp 3446-3474 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/6/4/3446/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs6043446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs6043446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6043446","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/6/4/3446/pdf?version=1403137240","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6981035617","display_name":"Environmental and Social Changes in Africa: Past, present and futurE","funder_award_id":"ANR-10-CEPL-0005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W108804983","https://openalex.org/W203251317","https://openalex.org/W642104462","https://openalex.org/W1491668003","https://openalex.org/W1684060257","https://openalex.org/W1964841917","https://openalex.org/W1966629827","https://openalex.org/W1972489704","https://openalex.org/W1975999098","https://openalex.org/W1981883248","https://openalex.org/W1981978730","https://openalex.org/W1982289851","https://openalex.org/W1985688288","https://openalex.org/W1989074151","https://openalex.org/W1994104379","https://openalex.org/W1994534011","https://openalex.org/W1995091554","https://openalex.org/W1995477813","https://openalex.org/W1995987039","https://openalex.org/W1998438756","https://openalex.org/W1999357808","https://openalex.org/W2000563894","https://openalex.org/W2003326025","https://openalex.org/W2008889095","https://openalex.org/W2021481900","https://openalex.org/W2024314439","https://openalex.org/W2040256251","https://openalex.org/W2048382588","https://openalex.org/W2054112212","https://openalex.org/W2057387551","https://openalex.org/W2060372990","https://openalex.org/W2063724026","https://openalex.org/W2065311929","https://openalex.org/W2066568179","https://openalex.org/W2069720127","https://openalex.org/W2071978272","https://openalex.org/W2076848864","https://openalex.org/W2077530209","https://openalex.org/W2088115382","https://openalex.org/W2090600964","https://openalex.org/W2092304890","https://openalex.org/W2094641919","https://openalex.org/W2116129081","https://openalex.org/W2117173444","https://openalex.org/W2120694108","https://openalex.org/W2121825736","https://openalex.org/W2122346823","https://openalex.org/W2127486632","https://openalex.org/W2127578702","https://openalex.org/W2131511130","https://openalex.org/W2134825572","https://openalex.org/W2153532054","https://openalex.org/W2154108378","https://openalex.org/W2154700052","https://openalex.org/W2162414982","https://openalex.org/W2163143186","https://openalex.org/W2169058942","https://openalex.org/W2467725576","https://openalex.org/W2473557216","https://openalex.org/W2493340392","https://openalex.org/W2797596261","https://openalex.org/W4213330036","https://openalex.org/W4233926810","https://openalex.org/W4242704687","https://openalex.org/W4243591278","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4294540967","https://openalex.org/W4296766726"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2355407358","https://openalex.org/W2370818066","https://openalex.org/W2377273153","https://openalex.org/W2368732234","https://openalex.org/W2362876336","https://openalex.org/W2365082218","https://openalex.org/W2353888291","https://openalex.org/W2052833884","https://openalex.org/W1979545182"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rain":[0],"Use":[1],"Efficiency":[2],"(RUE),":[3],"defined":[4],"as":[5,130,132,241],"Aboveground":[6],"Net":[7],"Primary":[8],"Production":[9],"(ANPP)":[10],"divided":[11],"by":[12,47,61,276],"rainfall,":[13],"is":[14,45,148,181,184,238,257,301],"increasingly":[15],"used":[16],"to":[17,57,116,186,240,317],"diagnose":[18],"land":[19,37,219,233,327],"degradation.":[20,220,328],"Yet,":[21],"the":[22,40,64,78,101,121,125,142,158,178,191,211,214,242,260,267,306,311,314],"outcome":[23],"of":[24,73,80,95,172,177,223,227,266,272,308,313,323],"RUE":[25,133,192],"monitoring":[26],"has":[27,207],"been":[28,208],"much":[29],"debated":[30],"since":[31],"opposite":[32],"results":[33,169,285],"were":[34],"found":[35,185],"about":[36],"degradation":[38,234],"in":[39,63,100,104,170,210],"Sahel":[41],"region.":[42],"The":[43,128,174,221],"debate":[44],"fueled":[46],"methodological":[48],"issues,":[49],"especially":[50],"when":[51,153,320],"using":[52],"satellite":[53],"remote":[54,108],"sensing":[55,109],"data":[56,110,154],"estimate":[58,117],"ANPP,":[59,118],"and":[60,120,167,183,193,232,249,280,310,326],"differences":[62],"ecological":[65],"interpretation.":[66,195],"An":[67],"alternative":[68],"method":[69],"which":[70],"solves":[71],"part":[72],"these":[74,224],"issues":[75],"relies":[76],"on":[77,190,259],"residuals":[79,129,194],"ANPP":[81,122],"regressed":[82],"against":[83],"rainfall":[84],"(\u201cANPP":[85],"residuals\u201d).":[86],"In":[87],"this":[88],"paper,":[89],"we":[90],"use":[91],"long-term":[92],"field":[93],"observations":[94,309],"herbaceous":[96],"vegetation":[97,147,278,324],"mass":[98],"collected":[99],"Gourma":[102,143,159],"region":[103,294],"Mali":[105],"together":[106],"with":[107,199],"(GIMMS-3g":[111],"Normalized":[112],"Difference":[113],"Vegetation":[114],"Index)":[115],"RUE,":[119,202],"residuals,":[123],"over":[124,139,141,150,213],"period":[126],"1984\u20132010.":[127],"well":[131],"do":[134],"not":[135],"reveal":[136],"any":[137],"trend":[138],"time":[140],"region,":[144],"implying":[145],"that":[146,151,287,304],"resilient":[149],"period,":[152,216],"are":[155,252],"aggregated":[156],"at":[157,197],"scale.":[160],"We":[161],"find":[162],"no":[163,188],"conflict":[164],"between":[165],"field-derived":[166],"satellite-derived":[168],"terms":[171],"trends.":[173],"nature":[175],"(linearity)":[176],"ANPP/rainfall":[179],"relationship":[180],"investigated":[182],"have":[187,316],"impact":[189],"However,":[196,264],"odds":[198],"a":[200,293,296],"stable":[201],"an":[203],"increased":[204],"run-off":[205,236,282],"coefficient":[206],"observed":[209],"area":[212],"same":[215],"pointing":[217],"towards":[218],"divergence":[222],"two":[225],"indicators":[226],"ecosystem":[228],"resilience":[229,256],"(stable":[230],"RUE)":[231],"(increasing":[235],"coefficient)":[237],"referred":[239],"\u201csecond":[243],"Sahelian":[244],"paradox\u201d.":[245],"When":[246],"shallow":[247,268],"soils":[248,251,269],"deep":[250,261],"examined":[253],"separately,":[254],"high":[255],"diagnosed":[258],"soil":[262],"sites.":[263],"some":[265],"show":[270,286],"signs":[271],"degradation,":[273],"being":[274],"characterized":[275],"decreasing":[277],"cover":[279],"increasing":[281],"coefficient.":[283],"Such":[284],"contrasted":[288],"changes":[289,325],"may":[290],"co-exist":[291],"within":[292],"where":[295],"strong":[297],"overall":[298],"re-greening":[299],"pattern":[300],"observed,":[302],"highlighting":[303],"both":[305],"scale":[307,312],"processes":[315],"be":[318],"considered":[319],"performing":[321],"assessments":[322]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}