{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2026072657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5116079","title":"Fraunhofer Lidar Prototype in the Green Spectral Region for Atmospheric Boundary Layer Observations","display_name":"Fraunhofer Lidar Prototype in the Green Spectral Region for Atmospheric Boundary Layer Observations","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2026072657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5116079","mag":"2026072657"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs5116079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5116079","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/11/6079/pdf?version=1403134870","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/11/6079/pdf?version=1403134870","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101912276","display_name":"Songhua Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7469-1452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Songhua Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ocean Remote Sensing Institute, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean Remote Sensing Institute, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009769244","display_name":"Xiaoquan Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7267-9428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoquan Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ocean Remote Sensing Institute, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean Remote Sensing Institute, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011561981","display_name":"Bingyi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0512-5235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingyi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ocean Remote Sensing Institute, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean Remote Sensing Institute, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101912276"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08816374,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"11","first_page":"6079","last_page":"6095"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.9525783061981201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon-counting","display_name":"Photon counting","score":0.62713623046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6082205176353455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photomultiplier","display_name":"Photomultiplier","score":0.5749073624610901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5634849071502686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.5546647906303406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength","display_name":"Wavelength","score":0.45972153544425964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4392591714859009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3943672180175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.3478624224662781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.11042121052742004}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.9525783061981201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781402376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126172","display_name":"Photon counting","level":3,"score":0.62713623046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6082205176353455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113879476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61897384","display_name":"Photomultiplier","level":3,"score":0.5749073624610901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5634849071502686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.5546647906303406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.45972153544425964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4392591714859009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3943672180175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.3478624224662781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11042121052742004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs5116079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5116079","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/11/6079/pdf?version=1403134870","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d07d5d48b59e42fe9dafbca155ae8dd0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d07d5d48b59e42fe9dafbca155ae8dd0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 5, Iss 11, Pp 6079-6095 (2013)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs5116079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5116079","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/11/6079/pdf?version=1403134870","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2026072657.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2026072657.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1605525497","https://openalex.org/W1625021374","https://openalex.org/W1964789122","https://openalex.org/W1965121024","https://openalex.org/W1978842448","https://openalex.org/W1991773162","https://openalex.org/W1998511159","https://openalex.org/W2002530021","https://openalex.org/W2012800028","https://openalex.org/W2014786064","https://openalex.org/W2019106880","https://openalex.org/W2023922370","https://openalex.org/W2030544835","https://openalex.org/W2034642540","https://openalex.org/W2041318974","https://openalex.org/W2046390934","https://openalex.org/W2058426075","https://openalex.org/W2063183045","https://openalex.org/W2069696975","https://openalex.org/W2075016360","https://openalex.org/W2075278229","https://openalex.org/W2076739269","https://openalex.org/W2087199341","https://openalex.org/W2094943790","https://openalex.org/W2101547254","https://openalex.org/W2111266552","https://openalex.org/W2113668791","https://openalex.org/W2170492161","https://openalex.org/W2179103847","https://openalex.org/W2315626705","https://openalex.org/W3168326419","https://openalex.org/W4292915233"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059277266","https://openalex.org/W2126662085","https://openalex.org/W4321077502","https://openalex.org/W2084135049","https://openalex.org/W4321518183","https://openalex.org/W2086594139","https://openalex.org/W2074065773","https://openalex.org/W2153133857","https://openalex.org/W2033444373","https://openalex.org/W1987009641"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"lidar":[1,30,61,84,94,125,150,174,197],"detects":[2],"atmospheric":[3,185,216],"parameters":[4],"by":[5,69,194],"transmitting":[6],"laser":[7],"pulse":[8],"to":[9,113,121,163,182],"the":[10,14,24,33,56,76,80,93,124,129,154,157,184,196,199,209,215],"atmosphere":[11],"and":[12,19,37,42],"receiving":[13,126],"backscattering":[15,26],"signals":[16],"from":[17,63],"molecules":[18],"aerosol":[20,206,213],"particles.":[21],"Because":[22,74],"of":[23,49,58,75,83,123,160,212],"small":[25],"cross":[27],"section,":[28],"a":[29,70,149],"usually":[31],"uses":[32,43],"high":[34],"sensitive":[35],"photomultiplier":[36],"avalanche":[38],"photodiode":[39],"as":[40],"detector":[41],"photon":[44,165,172],"counting":[45,166,173],"technology":[46],"for":[47,92,141],"collection":[48],"weak":[50,60],"backscatter":[51],"signals.":[52],"Photon":[53],"Counting":[54],"enables":[55],"capturing":[57],"extremely":[59],"return":[62],"long":[64,71],"distance,":[65],"throughout":[66],"dark":[67,203],"background,":[68,79],"time":[72],"accumulation.":[73],"strong":[77],"solar":[78,100,115,161,169,202],"signal-to-noise":[81,142],"ratio":[82,143],"during":[85,221],"daytime":[86],"could":[87],"be":[88,109],"greatly":[89],"restricted,":[90],"especially":[91],"operating":[95,152,195],"at":[96,118,153,198],"visible":[97],"wavelengths":[98,119],"where":[99],"background":[101,116,130],"is":[102],"prominent.":[103],"Narrow":[104],"band-pass":[105],"filters":[106],"must":[107],"therefore":[108],"installed":[110],"in":[111,132,176,201,214],"order":[112],"isolate":[114],"noise":[117],"close":[120],"that":[122],"channel,":[127],"whereas":[128],"light":[131],"superposition":[133],"with":[134],"signal":[135],"spectrum,":[136,162],"limits":[137],"an":[138],"effective":[139],"margin":[140],"(SNR)":[144],"improvement.":[145],"This":[146],"work":[147],"describes":[148],"prototype":[151,175],"Fraunhofer":[155,177],"lines,":[156],"invisible":[158],"band":[159],"achieve":[164],"under":[167],"intense":[168],"background.":[170],"The":[171,188,205],"lines":[178],"devised":[179],"was":[180,190],"used":[181],"observe":[183],"boundary":[186,217],"layer.":[187],"SNR":[189],"improved":[191],"2-3":[192],"times":[193],"wavelength":[200],"lines.":[204],"extinctions":[207],"illustrate":[208],"vertical":[210],"structures":[211],"over":[218],"Qingdao":[219],"suburban":[220],"summer":[222],"2011.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
