{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1987519153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5052492","title":"A Global Assessment of Long-Term Greening and Browning Trends in Pasture Lands Using the GIMMS LAI3g Dataset","display_name":"A Global Assessment of Long-Term Greening and Browning Trends in Pasture Lands Using the GIMMS LAI3g Dataset","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1987519153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5052492","mag":"1987519153"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs5052492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5052492","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/5/2492/pdf?version=1403132261","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/5/2492/pdf?version=1403132261","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110594856","display_name":"Benjamin I. Cook","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152304114","display_name":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2tgs60","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152304114","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116578957","display_name":"Goddard Institute for Space Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/01cyfxe35","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116578957","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Cook","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA","NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152304114"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116578957"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071019397","display_name":"Stephanie Pau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8135-9266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie Pau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Florida State University, 113 Collegiate Loop, Tallahassee, FL 32306,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Florida State University, 113 Collegiate Loop, Tallahassee, FL 32306,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110594856"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116578957","https://openalex.org/I152304114"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.3708,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91986557,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"5","first_page":"2492","last_page":"2512"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13591","display_name":"Pasture and Agricultural Systems","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pasture","display_name":"Pasture","score":0.8836523294448853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greening","display_name":"Greening","score":0.7596601247787476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5894075632095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tropics","display_name":"Tropics","score":0.5356271862983704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity","display_name":"Productivity","score":0.509802520275116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.4799528419971466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.44846874475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem","display_name":"Ecosystem","score":0.4399527311325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agroforestry","display_name":"Agroforestry","score":0.4049396216869354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.34834784269332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.3332686126232147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.276284396648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.2536105215549469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.13780876994132996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.0769849419593811}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778053677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30121","display_name":"Pasture","level":2,"score":0.8836523294448853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778354632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5604190","display_name":"Greening","level":2,"score":0.7596601247787476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5894075632095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50660011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42530","display_name":"Tropics","level":2,"score":0.5356271862983704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.509802520275116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.4799528419971466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.44846874475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.4399527311325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.4049396216869354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.34834784269332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.3332686126232147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.276284396648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.2536105215549469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.13780876994132996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0769849419593811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs5052492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5052492","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/5/2492/pdf?version=1403132261","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:casi.ntrs.nasa.gov:20140011867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140011867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196257","display_name":"NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210124779","host_organization_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CASI","raw_type":"GSFC-E-DAA-TN9407"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4e2d5b4fe95645179239bf5bc184cfef","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4e2d5b4fe95645179239bf5bc184cfef","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 5, Iss 5, Pp 2492-2512 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:localhost:1807/82401","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/82401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/5/5/2492/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs5052492","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs5052492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5052492","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/5/2492/pdf?version=1403132261","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332330","display_name":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1987519153.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1987519153.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61452412","https://openalex.org/W140645639","https://openalex.org/W175912546","https://openalex.org/W1555156827","https://openalex.org/W1887876182","https://openalex.org/W1895518694","https://openalex.org/W1973072891","https://openalex.org/W1976950254","https://openalex.org/W1985688288","https://openalex.org/W1985908637","https://openalex.org/W1989994082","https://openalex.org/W1991818330","https://openalex.org/W1999336541","https://openalex.org/W2000047906","https://openalex.org/W2003326025","https://openalex.org/W2003795236","https://openalex.org/W2004271918","https://openalex.org/W2007468519","https://openalex.org/W2008889095","https://openalex.org/W2015435324","https://openalex.org/W2020079336","https://openalex.org/W2021218961","https://openalex.org/W2026132890","https://openalex.org/W2032897077","https://openalex.org/W2034672914","https://openalex.org/W2035388338","https://openalex.org/W2036013959","https://openalex.org/W2042097116","https://openalex.org/W2049830228","https://openalex.org/W2051159954","https://openalex.org/W2051447204","https://openalex.org/W2052185634","https://openalex.org/W2054634986","https://openalex.org/W2056053106","https://openalex.org/W2057387551","https://openalex.org/W2057858033","https://openalex.org/W2059925572","https://openalex.org/W2060372990","https://openalex.org/W2061487604","https://openalex.org/W2065311929","https://openalex.org/W2079432897","https://openalex.org/W2080034221","https://openalex.org/W2081400862","https://openalex.org/W2083699099","https://openalex.org/W2085991080","https://openalex.org/W2101707536","https://openalex.org/W2106256460","https://openalex.org/W2106882314","https://openalex.org/W2107690183","https://openalex.org/W2109421115","https://openalex.org/W2111894001","https://openalex.org/W2116398116","https://openalex.org/W2117779820","https://openalex.org/W2118497507","https://openalex.org/W2123610463","https://openalex.org/W2128052457","https://openalex.org/W2128108311","https://openalex.org/W2128175703","https://openalex.org/W2130801915","https://openalex.org/W2131511130","https://openalex.org/W2135132094","https://openalex.org/W2138007700","https://openalex.org/W2139918546","https://openalex.org/W2141562764","https://openalex.org/W2148694603","https://openalex.org/W2151454884","https://openalex.org/W2153989276","https://openalex.org/W2155343321","https://openalex.org/W2155962616","https://openalex.org/W2156599833","https://openalex.org/W2157062135","https://openalex.org/W2158952405","https://openalex.org/W2162414982","https://openalex.org/W2162910004","https://openalex.org/W2163563924","https://openalex.org/W2164139767","https://openalex.org/W2167654997","https://openalex.org/W2179431392","https://openalex.org/W2186884787","https://openalex.org/W2317626966","https://openalex.org/W2363961060","https://openalex.org/W2475452590","https://openalex.org/W2493340392","https://openalex.org/W4233926810","https://openalex.org/W4239571069","https://openalex.org/W4294540967"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355407358","https://openalex.org/W2370818066","https://openalex.org/W2377273153","https://openalex.org/W2368732234","https://openalex.org/W2362876336","https://openalex.org/W2365082218","https://openalex.org/W2353888291","https://openalex.org/W2052833884","https://openalex.org/W1979545182","https://openalex.org/W2373293245"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pasture":[0],"ecosystems":[1,26],"may":[2],"be":[3],"particularly":[4],"vulnerable":[5],"to":[6,10,77,147],"land":[7],"degradation":[8,258],"due":[9],"the":[11,95,128,167,181,186,205,217,229,273,285],"high":[12],"risk":[13],"of":[14,91,98,130,152,169,189,211,219,228,233,259,272],"human":[15,31],"disturbance":[16],"(e.g.,":[17],"overgrazing,":[18],"burning,":[19],"etc.),":[20],"especially":[21],"when":[22],"compared":[23],"with":[24,94,245,270],"natural":[25,177,202,212,252],"(non-pasture,":[27],"non-cultivated)":[28],"where":[29],"direct":[30],"impacts":[32],"are":[33,87,109,142],"minimal.":[34],"Using":[35],"maximum":[36],"annual":[37,50],"leaf":[38],"area":[39],"index":[40],"(LAImax)":[41],"as":[42,176],"a":[43,78,113,144,243,264],"proxy":[44],"for":[45,198],"standing":[46],"biomass":[47],"and":[48,56,123,150,163,183,235],"peak":[49],"aboveground":[51],"productivity,":[52],"we":[53],"analyze":[54],"greening":[55,149,190,210,220,234],"browning":[57,151,236],"trends":[58,86,134,141,170,237,247],"in":[59,66,89,112,191,221,238,248,281],"pasture":[60,67,92,153,164,192,222,240,260,282],"areas":[61,100,213],"from":[62],"1982\u20132008.":[63],"Inter-annual":[64],"variability":[65],"productivity":[68,107,283],"is":[69,194,214,262],"strongly":[70],"controlled":[71],"by":[72,135,201,251],"precipitation":[73,131,140],"(positive":[74],"correlation)":[75],"and,":[76,268],"lesser":[79],"extent,":[80],"temperature":[81],"(negative":[82],"correlation).":[83],"Linear":[84],"temporal":[85],"significant":[88,156],"23%":[90],"cells,":[93],"vast":[96],"majority":[97],"these":[99],"showing":[101],"positive":[102],"LAImax":[103,133,162],"trends.":[104],"Spatially":[105],"extensive":[106],"declines":[108],"only":[110,136,143],"found":[111,160],"few":[114],"regions,":[115],"most":[116],"notably":[117],"central":[118],"Asia,":[119],"southwest":[120],"North":[121],"America,":[122],"southeast":[124],"Australia.":[125],"Statistically":[126],"removing":[127],"influence":[129],"reduces":[132],"13%,":[137],"suggesting":[138],"that":[139,257],"minor":[145],"contributor":[146],"long-term":[148],"lands.":[154],"No":[155],"global":[157,231,239],"relationship":[158],"was":[159],"between":[161,173],"intensity,":[165],"although":[166],"magnitude":[168,218],"did":[171],"vary":[172],"cells":[174,193,199],"classified":[175],"versus":[178],"pasture.":[179],"In":[180,204],"tropics":[182],"Southern":[184],"Hemisphere,":[185],"median":[187],"rate":[188],"significantly":[195],"higher":[196],"than":[197],"dominated":[200,250],"vegetation.":[203],"Northern":[206],"Hemisphere":[207],"extra-tropics,":[208],"conversely,":[209],"2\u20134":[215],"times":[216],"areas.":[223],"This":[224],"analysis":[225],"presents":[226],"one":[227],"first":[230],"assessments":[232],"lands,":[241],"including":[242],"comparison":[244],"vegetation":[246],"regions":[249],"ecosystems.":[253],"Our":[254],"results":[255],"suggest":[256],"lands":[261],"not":[263],"globally":[265],"widespread":[266,279],"phenomenon":[267],"consistent":[269],"much":[271],"terrestrial":[274],"biosphere,":[275],"there":[276],"have":[277],"been":[278],"increases":[280],"over":[284],"last":[286],"30":[287],"years.":[288]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
