{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2073956583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5052164","title":"Visualizing and Quantifying Vineyard Canopy LAI Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Collected High Density Structure from Motion Point Cloud","display_name":"Visualizing and Quantifying Vineyard Canopy LAI Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Collected High Density Structure from Motion Point Cloud","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2073956583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5052164","mag":"2073956583"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs5052164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5052164","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/5/2164/pdf?version=1403132154","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/5/2164/pdf?version=1403132154","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058327520","display_name":"Adam J. Mathews","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5577-4308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13511017","display_name":"Texas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9q1g27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13511017"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adam Mathews","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Texas State University-San Marcos, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Texas State University-San Marcos, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13511017"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002480046","display_name":"Jennifer Jensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5296-9062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13511017","display_name":"Texas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9q1g27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13511017"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Jensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Texas State University-San Marcos, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Texas State University-San Marcos, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13511017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058327520"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13511017"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":13.2446,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":242,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9931997,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"5","first_page":"2164","last_page":"2183"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11796","display_name":"Horticultural and Viticultural Research","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structure-from-motion","display_name":"Structure from motion","score":0.7703152894973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7683570384979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vineyard","display_name":"Vineyard","score":0.7241484522819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6476112604141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.6340261101722717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.6234017014503479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"Leaf area index","score":0.6219972968101501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-surface","display_name":"Digital surface","score":0.6133657097816467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.49142539501190186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-scanning","display_name":"Laser scanning","score":0.46429452300071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-sample-distance","display_name":"Ground sample distance","score":0.4550134241580963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42107075452804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.41821974515914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.23823609948158264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2281380295753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.21159768104553223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.19276583194732666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146159030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7625099","display_name":"Structure from motion","level":3,"score":0.7703152894973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7683570384979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780924976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22715","display_name":"Vineyard","level":2,"score":0.7241484522819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6476112604141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.6340261101722717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.6234017014503479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.6219972968101501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983128922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1789829","display_name":"Digital surface","level":3,"score":0.6133657097816467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.49142539501190186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141349535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361664","display_name":"Laser scanning","level":3,"score":0.46429452300071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197513456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5610972","display_name":"Ground sample distance","level":3,"score":0.4550134241580963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42107075452804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.41821974515914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.23823609948158264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2281380295753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.21159768104553223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.19276583194732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs5052164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5052164","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/5/2164/pdf?version=1403132154","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:74a4b9a6eaa94bc5afa6632839aaddbc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/74a4b9a6eaa94bc5afa6632839aaddbc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 5, Iss 5, Pp 2164-2183 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/5/5/2164/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs5052164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 5; Issue 5; Pages: 2164-2183","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs5052164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5052164","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/5/2164/pdf?version=1403132154","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320961","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2073956583.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2073956583.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84227776","https://openalex.org/W1490978331","https://openalex.org/W1494656376","https://openalex.org/W1560034004","https://openalex.org/W1928585742","https://openalex.org/W1970487713","https://openalex.org/W1980140116","https://openalex.org/W1980711477","https://openalex.org/W1985765027","https://openalex.org/W1993939616","https://openalex.org/W1998957178","https://openalex.org/W2020175583","https://openalex.org/W2022591200","https://openalex.org/W2037304439","https://openalex.org/W2038685401","https://openalex.org/W2042548707","https://openalex.org/W2067844010","https://openalex.org/W2079958139","https://openalex.org/W2080629029","https://openalex.org/W2081806902","https://openalex.org/W2110079015","https://openalex.org/W2112148294","https://openalex.org/W2114265535","https://openalex.org/W2115713950","https://openalex.org/W2119150010","https://openalex.org/W2123018024","https://openalex.org/W2123986772","https://openalex.org/W2129201358","https://openalex.org/W2134769768","https://openalex.org/W2135801340","https://openalex.org/W2137732339","https://openalex.org/W2148293865","https://openalex.org/W2162456434","https://openalex.org/W2162842531","https://openalex.org/W2167160414","https://openalex.org/W2168178486","https://openalex.org/W2203271200","https://openalex.org/W2340693201","https://openalex.org/W2340847604","https://openalex.org/W2484928279","https://openalex.org/W2759597086","https://openalex.org/W2989983865","https://openalex.org/W4210991648","https://openalex.org/W4244102296","https://openalex.org/W4247433944","https://openalex.org/W6603383834","https://openalex.org/W6636950212","https://openalex.org/W6684451421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2281664702","https://openalex.org/W2531007982","https://openalex.org/W321942765","https://openalex.org/W2073956583","https://openalex.org/W2512074140","https://openalex.org/W2891119670","https://openalex.org/W2593899233","https://openalex.org/W4242009316","https://openalex.org/W4210906540","https://openalex.org/W2775282995"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,134],"study":[1,21,80],"explores":[2],"the":[3,24,79,84,149],"use":[4],"of":[5,78,142,148,151,179],"structure":[6,18,172],"from":[7,116],"motion":[8],"(SfM),":[9],"a":[10,20,35,50,125,138],"computer":[11],"vision":[12],"technique,":[13],"to":[14,48,75,92,129,131,165,192],"model":[15,128],"vine":[16],"canopy":[17],"at":[19],"vineyard":[22,81],"in":[23,89,137],"Texas":[25],"Hill":[26],"Country.":[27],"Using":[28],"an":[29,187],"unmanned":[30],"aerial":[31,39],"vehicle":[32],"(UAV)":[33],"and":[34,42,46,68,96,122,174,202],"digital":[36],"camera,":[37],"201":[38],"images":[40],"(nadir":[41],"oblique)":[43],"were":[44,56,73,114,120],"collected":[45,97],"used":[47,74],"create":[49,76],"SfM":[51,163,183],"point":[52],"cloud.":[53],"All":[54],"points":[55,88],"classified":[57],"as":[58],"ground":[59,71],"or":[60],"non-ground":[61,87],"points.":[62],"Non-ground":[63],"points,":[64],"presumably":[65],"representing":[66],"vegetation":[67,171],"other":[69],"above":[70],"objects,":[72],"visualizations":[77],"blocks.":[82],"Further,":[83],"relationship":[85],"between":[86],"close":[90],"proximity":[91],"67":[93],"sample":[94],"vines":[95,106,113],"leaf":[98],"area":[99],"index":[100],"(LAI)":[101],"measurements":[102],"for":[103,145,162,170],"those":[104,197],"same":[105],"was":[107],"also":[108],"explored.":[109],"Points":[110],"near":[111],"sampled":[112],"extracted":[115],"which":[117],"several":[118],"metrics":[119],"calculated":[121],"input":[123],"into":[124],"stepwise":[126],"regression":[127],"attempt":[130],"predict":[132],"LAI.":[133],"analysis":[135],"resulted":[136],"moderate":[139],"R2":[140],"value":[141],"0.567,":[143],"accounting":[144],"57":[146],"percent":[147],"variation":[150],"LAISQRT":[152],"using":[153],"six":[154],"predictor":[155],"variables.":[156],"These":[157],"results":[158],"provide":[159,166,186],"further":[160],"justification":[161],"datasets":[164,168,184,195],"three-dimensional":[167,194],"necessary":[169],"visualization":[173],"biophysical":[175],"modeling":[176],"over":[177],"areas":[178],"smaller":[180],"extent.":[181],"Additionally,":[182],"can":[185],"increased":[188],"temporal":[189],"resolution":[190],"compared":[191],"traditional":[193],"like":[196],"captured":[198],"by":[199],"light":[200],"detection":[201],"ranging":[203],"(lidar).":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-21T08:13:44.787528","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}