{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2110925028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5041681","title":"Building Reconstruction Using DSM and Orthorectified Images","display_name":"Building Reconstruction Using DSM and Orthorectified Images","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2110925028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5041681","mag":"2110925028"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs5041681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5041681","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/4/1681/pdf?version=1403132022","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/4/1681/pdf?version=1403132022","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014637550","display_name":"Hossein Arefi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8014-624X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hossein Arefi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Technology Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), D-82234 Wessling, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Technology Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), D-82234 Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052386553","display_name":"Peter Reinartz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8122-1475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Reinartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Technology Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), D-82234 Wessling, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Technology Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), D-82234 Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014637550"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":5.0327,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94840674,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"1681","last_page":"1703"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthophoto","display_name":"Orthophoto","score":0.8918921947479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7437902688980103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-model","display_name":"Building model","score":0.6368788480758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.6080995798110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-modeling","display_name":"3D modeling","score":0.605779230594635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygon","display_name":"Polygon (computer graphics)","score":0.5485842227935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5326891541481018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47978073358535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.473186731338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-model","display_name":"Parametric model","score":0.458038330078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-model","display_name":"3d model","score":0.4141845703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.4119640290737152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.40374958515167236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.23012861609458923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10895448923110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.10363194346427917}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922585","display_name":"Orthophoto","level":2,"score":0.8918921947479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7437902688980103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778530916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1352349","display_name":"Building model","level":2,"score":0.6368788480758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.6080995798110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777897806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568742","display_name":"3D modeling","level":2,"score":0.605779230594635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190694206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276654","display_name":"Polygon (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.5485842227935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5326891541481018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47978073358535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.473186731338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24574437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135228","display_name":"Parametric model","level":3,"score":0.458038330078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019007443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568742","display_name":"3d model","level":2,"score":0.4141845703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4119640290737152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.40374958515167236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.23012861609458923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10895448923110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.10363194346427917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs5041681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5041681","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/4/1681/pdf?version=1403132022","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:81825","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5041681>.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:776ad08a96e94f028aad1a2a8d3e1fe5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/776ad08a96e94f028aad1a2a8d3e1fe5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 5, Iss 4, Pp 1681-1703 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/5/4/1681/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs5041681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 5; Issue 4; Pages: 1681-1703","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs5041681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5041681","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/4/1681/pdf?version=1403132022","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2110925028.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2110925028.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95910658","https://openalex.org/W219692161","https://openalex.org/W325587823","https://openalex.org/W1559023455","https://openalex.org/W1656169455","https://openalex.org/W1971784203","https://openalex.org/W1987526435","https://openalex.org/W2058724400","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2117248802","https://openalex.org/W2144311066","https://openalex.org/W2289616457","https://openalex.org/W2325980629","https://openalex.org/W2342334499","https://openalex.org/W2403186917","https://openalex.org/W2500665424","https://openalex.org/W3195790439","https://openalex.org/W6603875407","https://openalex.org/W6608712806","https://openalex.org/W6647155968","https://openalex.org/W6701541992","https://openalex.org/W6704429861","https://openalex.org/W6713300371"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2708417971","https://openalex.org/W2314700393","https://openalex.org/W4384469254","https://openalex.org/W2563904947","https://openalex.org/W2098087226","https://openalex.org/W3116009112","https://openalex.org/W3036892807","https://openalex.org/W2995646374","https://openalex.org/W2983578059","https://openalex.org/W2364920595"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High":[0],"resolution":[1,41],"Digital":[2],"Surface":[3],"Models":[4],"(DSMs)":[5],"produced":[6,46],"from":[7,39,47,110],"airborne":[8],"laser-scanning":[9],"or":[10],"stereo":[11,49],"satellite":[12,50],"images":[13,45],"provide":[14],"a":[15,140,147,180,215],"very":[16],"useful":[17],"source":[18,118],"of":[19,35,58,61,100,119,133,137,161,191,221,239,247,255],"information":[20,108,120],"for":[21,69,165,174,251],"automated":[22],"3D":[23,36,59,122,135,170,189],"building":[24,37,63,84,148,167,176,194,207],"reconstruction.":[25,168],"In":[26,81],"this":[27],"paper":[28],"an":[29],"investigation":[30],"is":[31,54,66,144,150,172,184,226,260],"reported":[32],"about":[33],"extraction":[34],"models":[38,60,190,233],"high":[40],"DSMs":[42,138],"and":[43,95,98,159,178,196,228,244],"orthorectified":[44,111],"Worldview-2":[48],"imagery.":[51],"The":[52,106,169],"focus":[53],"on":[55,130],"the":[56,67,78,83,96,101,131,134,157,188,192,198,201,205,222,231,236,240,248,252,265,269],"generation":[57],"parametric":[62,166,182,232,258],"roofs,":[64],"which":[65],"basis":[68],"creating":[70],"Level":[71],"Of":[72],"Detail":[73],"2":[74],"(LOD2)":[75],"according":[76,155],"to":[77,156,230,234],"CityGML":[79],"standard.":[80],"particular":[82],"blocks":[85],"containing":[86],"several":[87],"connected":[88],"buildings":[89,256],"with":[90,257,268],"tilted":[91],"roofs":[92,259],"are":[93,104],"investigated":[94],"potentials":[97],"limitations":[99],"modeling":[102],"approach":[103,128],"discussed.":[105],"edge":[107],"extracted":[109],"image":[112],"has":[113],"been":[114],"employed":[115],"as":[116,273,275],"additional":[117],"in":[121,139],"reconstruction":[123,254],"algorithm.":[124],"A":[125,242],"model":[126,171,183,217,238,267,272],"driven":[127],"based":[129],"analysis":[132],"points":[136],"2D":[141],"projection":[142],"plane":[143],"proposed.":[145],"Accordingly,":[146],"block":[149],"divided":[151],"into":[152],"smaller":[153],"parts":[154,195,208],"direction":[158],"number":[160],"existing":[162,270],"ridge":[163,213],"lines":[164],"derived":[173,227],"each":[175],"part,":[177],"finally,":[179],"complete":[181],"formed":[185],"by":[186,263],"merging":[187,202],"individual":[193],"adjusting":[197],"nodes":[199],"after":[200],"step.":[203],"For":[204],"remaining":[206],"that":[209],"do":[210],"not":[211],"contain":[212],"lines,":[214],"prismatic":[216],"using":[218],"polygon":[219],"approximation":[220],"corresponding":[223],"boundary":[224],"pixels":[225],"merged":[229],"shape":[235],"final":[237,266],"building.":[241],"qualitative":[243],"quantitative":[245],"assessment":[246],"proposed":[249],"method":[250],"automatic":[253],"then":[261],"provided":[262],"comparing":[264],"surface":[271],"well":[274],"some":[276],"field":[277],"measurements.":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}