{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2132914650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5031335","title":"Mapping the Spatial Distribution of Winter Crops at Sub-Pixel Level Using AVHRR NDVI Time Series and Neural Nets","display_name":"Mapping the Spatial Distribution of Winter Crops at Sub-Pixel Level Using AVHRR NDVI Time Series and Neural Nets","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2132914650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5031335","mag":"2132914650"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs5031335","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5031335","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/3/1335/pdf?version=1403131900","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/3/1335/pdf?version=1403131900","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014728233","display_name":"Clement Atzberger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2169-8009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92869138","display_name":"BOKU University","ror":"https://ror.org/057ff4y42","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Clement Atzberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Surveying, Remote Sensing and Land Information (IVFL), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), A-1190 Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Surveying, Remote Sensing and Land Information (IVFL), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), A-1190 Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055011860","display_name":"Felix Rembold","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118689","display_name":"Joint Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02qezmz13","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320481043","https://openalex.org/I2800387288","https://openalex.org/I4210118689","https://openalex.org/I4210161702"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Rembold","raw_affiliation_strings":["MARS Unit, Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen, Joint Research Center of the European Commission, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MARS Unit, Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen, Joint Research Center of the European Commission, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118689"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014728233"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":6.0973,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9625548,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"1335","last_page":"1354"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-mapper","display_name":"Thematic Mapper","score":0.8145841360092163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.7176961898803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-map","display_name":"Thematic map","score":0.6868559718132019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6754397749900818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.6561876535415649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-distribution","display_name":"Spatial distribution","score":0.5020325183868408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.4648659825325012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.45940274000167847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4523448050022125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.4349527359008789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.42179229855537415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4113895893096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3967438340187073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.37681838870048523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"Satellite imagery","score":0.2992977499961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2756475508213043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.2662859559059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"Leaf area index","score":0.19362521171569824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12188106775283813}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775938548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1565182","display_name":"Thematic Mapper","level":3,"score":0.8145841360092163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.7176961898803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93692415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502030","display_name":"Thematic map","level":2,"score":0.6868559718132019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6754397749900818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.6561876535415649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777016058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574061","display_name":"Spatial distribution","level":2,"score":0.5020325183868408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.4648659825325012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.45940274000167847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4523448050022125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4349527359008789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.42179229855537415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4113895893096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3967438340187073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.37681838870048523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.2992977499961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2756475508213043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.2662859559059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.19362521171569824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12188106775283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs5031335","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5031335","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/3/1335/pdf?version=1403131900","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:74cb6ae85b62488aa99f8712f910b059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/74cb6ae85b62488aa99f8712f910b059","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 5, Iss 3, Pp 1335-1354 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/5/3/1335/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs5031335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 5; Issue 3; Pages: 1335-1354","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu:JRC84161","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/3/1335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401126","display_name":"Joint Research Centre (European Commission)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800387288","host_organization_name":"European Commission","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800387288"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles in Journals"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs5031335","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5031335","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/3/1335/pdf?version=1403131900","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2132914650.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2132914650.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W586310283","https://openalex.org/W1967329996","https://openalex.org/W1967542684","https://openalex.org/W1967720470","https://openalex.org/W1979346804","https://openalex.org/W1986160808","https://openalex.org/W1993746883","https://openalex.org/W1996905547","https://openalex.org/W1999139268","https://openalex.org/W2001645528","https://openalex.org/W2002908628","https://openalex.org/W2004611847","https://openalex.org/W2007072889","https://openalex.org/W2015008560","https://openalex.org/W2015611378","https://openalex.org/W2017107861","https://openalex.org/W2017393444","https://openalex.org/W2018636632","https://openalex.org/W2019281621","https://openalex.org/W2025866974","https://openalex.org/W2029354494","https://openalex.org/W2030165874","https://openalex.org/W2031340414","https://openalex.org/W2053572208","https://openalex.org/W2064107689","https://openalex.org/W2068950740","https://openalex.org/W2071264562","https://openalex.org/W2074402210","https://openalex.org/W2079454091","https://openalex.org/W2080256102","https://openalex.org/W2082696980","https://openalex.org/W2089490780","https://openalex.org/W2100335098","https://openalex.org/W2108493207","https://openalex.org/W2116309433","https://openalex.org/W2129759408","https://openalex.org/W2131448468","https://openalex.org/W2132077228","https://openalex.org/W2150452912","https://openalex.org/W2151011640","https://openalex.org/W2159641772","https://openalex.org/W2167594433","https://openalex.org/W2169803000","https://openalex.org/W2172009270","https://openalex.org/W2186595681","https://openalex.org/W2313607861","https://openalex.org/W3043644638","https://openalex.org/W6654212123","https://openalex.org/W6670411225","https://openalex.org/W6683229737"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037185301","https://openalex.org/W1982088605","https://openalex.org/W2789402038","https://openalex.org/W2029664475","https://openalex.org/W2348190688","https://openalex.org/W2359234221","https://openalex.org/W2348078813","https://openalex.org/W2375543237","https://openalex.org/W2414855069","https://openalex.org/W3030744205"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0,168,242,274],"large":[1],"areas,":[2],"it":[3],"is":[4,23,105],"difficult":[5],"to":[6,63,75,266,334],"assess":[7],"the":[8,45,69,108,129,139,146,159,170,175,191,236,239,244,267,275,284,311,319,335],"spatial":[9,66,192,245],"distribution":[10,193,246],"and":[11,35,53,145,172,205,214,227,303,309,329],"inter-annual":[12],"variation":[13],"of":[14,24,40,47,71,86,123,158,174,189,194,238,247,260,262,290,313,321,326],"crop":[15,59,99,148,208,249,292,327],"acreages":[16],"through":[17],"field":[18],"surveys.":[19],"Such":[20],"information,":[21],"however,":[22,68],"great":[25],"value":[26],"for":[27,57,97,211,278],"governments,":[28],"land":[29],"managers,":[30],"planning":[31],"authorities,":[32],"commodity":[33],"traders":[34],"environmental":[36],"scientists.":[37],"Time":[38],"series":[39,325],"coarse":[41,65,116,164],"resolution":[42,165,220,272],"imagery":[43],"offer":[44],"advantage":[46],"global":[48],"coverage":[49],"at":[50,251,294],"low":[51],"costs,":[52],"are":[54],"therefore":[55],"suitable":[56],"large-scale":[58],"type":[60,113],"mapping.":[61],"Due":[62],"their":[64],"resolution,":[67],"problem":[70],"mixed":[72],"pixels":[73,117,202],"has":[74],"be":[76,83],"addressed.":[77],"Traditional":[78],"hard":[79],"classification":[80],"approaches":[81],"cannot":[82],"applied":[84],"because":[85],"sub-pixel":[87,98,252,295],"heterogeneity.":[88],"We":[89],"evaluate":[90],"neural":[91],"networks":[92,136],"as":[93,307],"a":[94,155,177,257],"modeling":[95],"tool":[96],"acreage":[100,149,209,250,293],"estimation.":[101],"The":[102,186],"proposed":[103,240],"methodology":[104],"based":[106],"on":[107],"assumption":[109],"that":[110],"different":[111],"cover":[112],"proportions":[114],"within":[115,198],"prompt":[118],"changes":[119],"in":[120,180,318],"time":[121,324],"profiles":[122],"remotely":[124],"sensed":[125],"vegetation":[126],"indices":[127],"like":[128],"Normalized":[130],"Difference":[131],"Vegetation":[132],"Index":[133],"(NDVI).":[134],"Neural":[135],"can":[137,316],"learn":[138],"relation":[140],"between":[141,203],"temporal":[142,160],"NDVI":[143],"signatures":[144],"sought":[147],"information.":[150],"This":[151],"learning":[152],"step":[153],"permits":[154],"non-linear":[156],"unmixing":[157,312],"information":[161,210,269,281],"provided":[162],"by":[163],"satellite":[166],"sensors.":[167],"assessing":[169],"feasibility":[171],"accuracy":[173],"approach,":[176],"study":[178],"region":[179],"central":[181],"Italy":[182],"(Tuscany)":[183],"was":[184,216,254,282,297],"selected.":[185],"task":[187],"consisted":[188],"mapping":[190],"winter":[195,248,291],"crops":[196],"abundances":[197],"1":[199],"km":[200],"AVHRR":[201,314],"1988":[204],"2001.":[206],"Reference":[207],"network":[212],"training":[213],"validation":[215],"derived":[217],"from":[218,270],"high":[219,271],"Thematic":[221,223],"Mapper/Enhanced":[222],"Mapper":[224],"(TM/ETM+)":[225],"images":[226],"official":[228],"agricultural":[229],"statistics.":[230],"Encouraging":[231],"results":[232],"were":[233],"obtained":[234],"demonstrating":[235],"potential":[237],"approach.":[241],"example,":[243],"level":[253,296],"mapped":[255],"with":[256,264,301],"cross-validated":[258],"coefficient":[259],"determination":[261],"0.8":[263],"respect":[265],"reference":[268,280],"imagery.":[273],"eight":[276],"years":[277],"which":[279],"available,":[283],"root":[285],"mean":[286],"squared":[287],"error":[288],"(RMSE)":[289],"10%.":[298],"When":[299],"combined":[300],"current":[302],"future":[304],"sensors,":[305],"such":[306],"MODIS":[308],"Sentinel-3,":[310],"data":[315],"help":[317],"building":[320],"an":[322],"extended":[323],"distributions":[328],"cropping":[330],"patterns":[331],"dating":[332],"back":[333],"80s.":[336]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
