{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1975329034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5020891","title":"Relationship between Hyperspectral Measurements and Mangrove Leaf Nitrogen Concentrations","display_name":"Relationship between Hyperspectral Measurements and Mangrove Leaf Nitrogen Concentrations","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1975329034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5020891","mag":"1975329034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs5020891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5020891","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/2/891/pdf?version=1403131669","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/2/891/pdf?version=1403131669","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100376272","display_name":"Chunhua Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6685-0137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519414","display_name":"Algoma University","ror":"https://ror.org/0131d6623","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519414"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chunhua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Geology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2G4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Geology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2G4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519414"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007661165","display_name":"John M. Kovacs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0520-3996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138900291","display_name":"Nipissing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05k14ba46","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138900291"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Kovacs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON P1B 8L7, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON P1B 8L7, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138900291"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085963119","display_name":"Mark P. Wachowiak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3852-6767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138900291","display_name":"Nipissing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05k14ba46","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138900291"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Wachowiak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON P1B 8L7, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON P1B 8L7, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138900291"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002978810","display_name":"Francisco Flores-Verdugo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9707-0819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8961855","display_name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmp8f25","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Flores-Verdugo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto del Ciencias del Mar y Limnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mazatl\u00e1n, Sinaloa 82040, Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto del Ciencias del Mar y Limnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mazatl\u00e1n, Sinaloa 82040, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100376272"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519414"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.5736,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87864107,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"891","last_page":"908"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9453999996185303,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mangrove","display_name":"Mangrove","score":0.9190784692764282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhizophora-mangle","display_name":"Rhizophora mangle","score":0.8670332431793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8411886692047119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5577613115310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen","display_name":"Nitrogen","score":0.44945091009140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4271325469017029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3918372094631195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.26253578066825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.19869977235794067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.17790362238883972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10354369878768921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.07577836513519287}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68874143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19756","display_name":"Mangrove","level":2,"score":0.9190784692764282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781307776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853914","display_name":"Rhizophora mangle","level":3,"score":0.8670332431793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8411886692047119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5577613115310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.44945091009140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4271325469017029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3918372094631195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.26253578066825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.19869977235794067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.17790362238883972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10354369878768921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.07577836513519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs5020891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5020891","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/2/891/pdf?version=1403131669","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c6c74678a0784a1faba77a39146537ef","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c6c74678a0784a1faba77a39146537ef","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 5, Iss 2, Pp 891-908 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/5/2/891/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs5020891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs5020891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5020891","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/2/891/pdf?version=1403131669","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1838527068","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#386586-2011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2165548363","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Canada","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8414021843","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"386586-2011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1975329034.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1975329034.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487726742","https://openalex.org/W1533634326","https://openalex.org/W1553895130","https://openalex.org/W1590481453","https://openalex.org/W1600751823","https://openalex.org/W1833005471","https://openalex.org/W1972835639","https://openalex.org/W1977554939","https://openalex.org/W1980852692","https://openalex.org/W1984605081","https://openalex.org/W1987097445","https://openalex.org/W1991668437","https://openalex.org/W1991715710","https://openalex.org/W1995386449","https://openalex.org/W1999606853","https://openalex.org/W2000284612","https://openalex.org/W2000911998","https://openalex.org/W2027175273","https://openalex.org/W2035673826","https://openalex.org/W2041550093","https://openalex.org/W2046404820","https://openalex.org/W2051011878","https://openalex.org/W2055390799","https://openalex.org/W2058145122","https://openalex.org/W2063459033","https://openalex.org/W2067281868","https://openalex.org/W2073870144","https://openalex.org/W2076508058","https://openalex.org/W2083955053","https://openalex.org/W2084236720","https://openalex.org/W2089464686","https://openalex.org/W2091213485","https://openalex.org/W2093678292","https://openalex.org/W2094434658","https://openalex.org/W2096542206","https://openalex.org/W2096734594","https://openalex.org/W2119198082","https://openalex.org/W2128204432","https://openalex.org/W2128827740","https://openalex.org/W2133182598","https://openalex.org/W2160319913","https://openalex.org/W2229516887","https://openalex.org/W2320065773","https://openalex.org/W2412425922","https://openalex.org/W2758311409","https://openalex.org/W2758943149","https://openalex.org/W3034400941","https://openalex.org/W6638646117","https://openalex.org/W6715208644"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1537095537","https://openalex.org/W2946699019","https://openalex.org/W2032305662","https://openalex.org/W4211181317","https://openalex.org/W2009387484","https://openalex.org/W2314680462","https://openalex.org/W4231791901","https://openalex.org/W2105602425","https://openalex.org/W2058680807","https://openalex.org/W2179593088"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,189,210],"use":[1],"of":[2,24,43,52,58,85,167,220,263],"spectral":[3,187],"response":[4],"curves":[5],"for":[6,21,40,198,283],"estimating":[7],"nitrogen":[8,74],"(N)":[9],"leaf":[10,30,73,225],"concentrations":[11,97,109],"generally":[12],"has":[13,76],"been":[14,77],"found":[15,180],"to":[16,106,176,250,266],"be":[17,241,278],"a":[18,22,50,59,86,133,244],"challenging":[19],"task":[20],"variety":[23,51],"plant":[25],"species.":[26],"In":[27,269],"this":[28],"investigation,":[29],"N":[31,96,108,127,182,199,226,285],"concentration":[32,183,200,227,286],"and":[33,95,172,184,204],"corresponding":[34],"laboratory":[35],"hyperspectral":[36,82],"data":[37,157],"were":[38,98,179,195],"examined":[39,78],"two":[41,103],"species":[42],"mangrove":[44,61,88,222,252],"(Avicennia":[45],"germinans,":[46],"Rhizophora":[47],"mangle)":[48],"representing":[49],"conditions":[53],"(healthy,":[54],"poor":[55],"condition,":[56],"dwarf)":[57],"degraded":[60,87],"forest":[62],"located":[63],"in":[64,217,243,258],"the":[65,70,138,149,155,165,168,218,229,275,281],"Mexican":[66],"Pacific.":[67],"This":[68],"is":[69,233,262,272],"first":[71],"time":[72],"content":[75],"using":[79,148,228],"close":[80],"range":[81],"remote":[83],"sensing":[84],"forest.":[89],"Simple":[90],"comparisons":[91],"between":[92,181],"individual":[93],"wavebands":[94],"examined,":[99],"as":[100,102],"well":[101],"models":[104],"employed":[105,147],"predict":[107],"based":[110,124,136],"on":[111,125,137,280],"multiple":[112],"wavebands.":[113],"For":[114,130,152],"one":[115],"model,":[116,135],"an":[117],"Artificial":[118],"Neural":[119],"Network":[120],"(ANN)":[121],"was":[122,146,202,215],"developed":[123],"known":[126],"absorption":[128,169],"bands.":[129],"comparative":[131],"purposes,":[132],"second":[134],"well-known":[139],"Stepwise":[140],"Multiple":[141],"Linear":[142],"Regression":[143],"(SMLR)":[144],"approach,":[145],"entire":[150],"dataset.":[151],"both":[153],"models,":[154],"input":[156,282],"included":[158],"continuum":[159],"removed":[160],"reflectance,":[161],"band":[162,186],"depth":[163],"at":[164],"centre":[166],"feature":[170],"(BNC),":[171],"log":[173],"(1/BNC).":[174],"Weak":[175],"moderate":[177],"correlations":[178],"single":[185],"responses.":[188],"results":[190],"also":[191],"indicate":[192],"that":[193,236,274],"ANNs":[194],"more":[196],"predictive":[197],"than":[201],"SMLR,":[203],"had":[205],"consistently":[206],"higher":[207],"r2":[208,212],"values.":[209],"highest":[211],"value":[213],"(0.91)":[214],"observed":[216],"prediction":[219,287],"black":[221],"(A.":[223],"germinans)":[224],"BNC":[230,276],"transformation.":[231],"It":[232],"thus":[234],"suggested":[235],"artificial":[237],"neural":[238],"networks":[239],"could":[240],"used":[242,279],"complementary":[245],"manner":[246],"with":[247],"other":[248],"techniques":[249],"assess":[251],"health,":[253],"thereby":[254],"improving":[255],"environmental":[256],"monitoring":[257],"coastal":[259],"wetlands,":[260],"which":[261],"prime":[264],"importance":[265],"local":[267],"communities.":[268],"addition,":[270],"it":[271],"recommended":[273],"transformation":[277],"such":[284],"models.":[288]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}