{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2099553813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5020612","title":"Remote Distinction of A Noxious Weed (Musk Thistle: CarduusNutans) Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery and the Support Vector Machine Classifier","display_name":"Remote Distinction of A Noxious Weed (Musk Thistle: CarduusNutans) Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery and the Support Vector Machine Classifier","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2099553813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5020612","mag":"2099553813"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs5020612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5020612","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/2/612/pdf?version=1403131594","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/2/612/pdf?version=1403131594","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015823468","display_name":"Mustafa M\u0131r\u0131k","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5651-6597"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa Mirik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 11708 Highway 70 S., Vernon, TX 76385, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 11708 Highway 70 S., Vernon, TX 76385, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023382915","display_name":"R. James Ansley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4448-5623"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. James Ansley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 11708 Highway 70 S., Vernon, TX 76385, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 11708 Highway 70 S., Vernon, TX 76385, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061287116","display_name":"K. Steddom","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl Steddom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Overton, TX 75684, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Overton, TX 75684, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064381910","display_name":"Davey L. Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1482-4209"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fort Hood ITAM, DPTMS Range Division, Fort Hood, TX 76544, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fort Hood ITAM, DPTMS Range Division, Fort Hood, TX 76544, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003835273","display_name":"C. M. Rush","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98954095","display_name":"Amarillo College","ror":"https://ror.org/003frhn24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98954095"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Rush","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 6500 Amarillo Blvd. W., Amarillo, TX 79012, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 6500 Amarillo Blvd. W., Amarillo, TX 79012, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98954095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024370191","display_name":"G. J. Michels","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98954095","display_name":"Amarillo College","ror":"https://ror.org/003frhn24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98954095"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerald Michels","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 6500 Amarillo Blvd. W., Amarillo, TX 79012, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 6500 Amarillo Blvd. W., Amarillo, TX 79012, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98954095"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081738791","display_name":"Norman C. Elliott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7467-2278"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norman Elliott","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Laboratory, 1301 N. Western St., Stillwater, OK 74075, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Laboratory, 1301 N. Western St., Stillwater, OK 74075, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015823468"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":6.9278,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96967755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"612","last_page":"630"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10225","display_name":"Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8250383734703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noxious-weed","display_name":"Noxious weed","score":0.7005560398101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6705345511436462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5130530595779419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.4555673599243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4319148063659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4111524224281311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.39918798208236694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38733044266700745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed","display_name":"Weed","score":0.3216720223426819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.21407753229141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.198868066072464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.17235037684440613}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8250383734703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121364248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7067310","display_name":"Noxious weed","level":3,"score":0.7005560398101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6705345511436462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5130530595779419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.4555673599243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4319148063659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4111524224281311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.39918798208236694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38733044266700745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775891814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101879","display_name":"Weed","level":2,"score":0.3216720223426819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.21407753229141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.198868066072464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.17235037684440613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs5020612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5020612","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/2/612/pdf?version=1403131594","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:27b15a648e584dc691b64d405efc484a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/27b15a648e584dc691b64d405efc484a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 5, Iss 2, Pp 612-630 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/5/2/612/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs5020612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 5; Issue 2; Pages: 612-630","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oaktrust.library.tamu.edu:1969.1/181166","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/181166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400291","display_name":"OakTrust (Texas A&M University Libraries)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","host_organization_name":"Texas A&M University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs5020612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5020612","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/5/2/612/pdf?version=1403131594","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332605","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2099553813.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2099553813.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482289351","https://openalex.org/W1509696967","https://openalex.org/W1520019413","https://openalex.org/W1523879065","https://openalex.org/W1600877088","https://openalex.org/W1744032963","https://openalex.org/W1765594597","https://openalex.org/W1977084785","https://openalex.org/W1978414573","https://openalex.org/W1989807428","https://openalex.org/W1990503995","https://openalex.org/W1992122283","https://openalex.org/W1995479068","https://openalex.org/W1997631708","https://openalex.org/W2001094237","https://openalex.org/W2002727702","https://openalex.org/W2013071985","https://openalex.org/W2021500674","https://openalex.org/W2024765331","https://openalex.org/W2034574277","https://openalex.org/W2039513216","https://openalex.org/W2039767075","https://openalex.org/W2040008004","https://openalex.org/W2041939440","https://openalex.org/W2046713694","https://openalex.org/W2057130861","https://openalex.org/W2057162081","https://openalex.org/W2062626761","https://openalex.org/W2065848430","https://openalex.org/W2070029724","https://openalex.org/W2072248854","https://openalex.org/W2072262083","https://openalex.org/W2072743829","https://openalex.org/W2076261730","https://openalex.org/W2082778344","https://openalex.org/W2086296514","https://openalex.org/W2091619038","https://openalex.org/W2095435405","https://openalex.org/W2096599785","https://openalex.org/W2096927210","https://openalex.org/W2102720926","https://openalex.org/W2103726450","https://openalex.org/W2104194245","https://openalex.org/W2105536892","https://openalex.org/W2106735202","https://openalex.org/W2108517747","https://openalex.org/W2112732795","https://openalex.org/W2114093436","https://openalex.org/W2114475797","https://openalex.org/W2114828048","https://openalex.org/W2119015056","https://openalex.org/W2120294666","https://openalex.org/W2131305829","https://openalex.org/W2133844132","https://openalex.org/W2134717732","https://openalex.org/W2136256197","https://openalex.org/W2137155271","https://openalex.org/W2138973222","https://openalex.org/W2141142781","https://openalex.org/W2142649963","https://openalex.org/W2154269351","https://openalex.org/W2160428352","https://openalex.org/W2162081314","https://openalex.org/W2166307050","https://openalex.org/W2167835673","https://openalex.org/W2168964286","https://openalex.org/W2169570168","https://openalex.org/W2170653440","https://openalex.org/W2171528669","https://openalex.org/W2174974349","https://openalex.org/W2176709104","https://openalex.org/W2177360904","https://openalex.org/W2269028235","https://openalex.org/W2280205526","https://openalex.org/W2312997001","https://openalex.org/W2327767290","https://openalex.org/W2404198674","https://openalex.org/W2737803794","https://openalex.org/W4245539475","https://openalex.org/W4255100633","https://openalex.org/W6631361901","https://openalex.org/W6637774705","https://openalex.org/W6674648778","https://openalex.org/W6676268368","https://openalex.org/W6676376460","https://openalex.org/W6677053476","https://openalex.org/W6713172339"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022304901","https://openalex.org/W2018850895","https://openalex.org/W1987483041","https://openalex.org/W2988577871","https://openalex.org/W4391030644","https://openalex.org/W4205174160","https://openalex.org/W1988042813","https://openalex.org/W2605322552","https://openalex.org/W2078026744","https://openalex.org/W2074874395"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Remote":[0],"detection":[1,171],"of":[2,33,53,94,100,172,183],"non-native":[3],"invasive":[4],"plant":[5],"species":[6],"using":[7,123,195],"geospatial":[8],"imagery":[9,96],"may":[10],"significantly":[11],"improve":[12],"monitoring,":[13],"planning":[14],"and":[15,25,41,56,69,115,129,132,153,161,190],"management":[16],"practices":[17],"by":[18],"eliminating":[19],"shortfalls,":[20],"such":[21],"as":[22,176,178],"observer":[23],"bias":[24],"accessibility":[26],"involved":[27],"in":[28,113,121,187],"ground-based":[29,60],"surveys.":[30],"The":[31],"use":[32],"remote":[34,197],"sensing":[35,198],"for":[36,65,97,138,155],"accurate":[37],"mapping":[38,68,98,136],"invasion":[39],"extent":[40],"pattern":[42],"offers":[43],"several":[44],"advantages,":[45],"including":[46],"repeatability,":[47],"large":[48],"area":[49],"coverage,":[50],"complete":[51],"instead":[52],"sub-sampled":[54],"assessments":[55],"greater":[57],"cost-effectiveness":[58],"over":[59,82],"methods.":[61],"It":[62],"is":[63,193],"critical":[64],"locating,":[66],"early":[67],"controlling":[70],"small":[71],"infestations":[72],"before":[73],"they":[74],"reach":[75],"economically":[76],"prohibitive":[77],"or":[78,181],"ecologically":[79],"significant":[80],"levels":[81],"larger":[83],"land":[84],"areas.":[85],"This":[86],"study":[87],"was":[88],"designed":[89],"to":[90,130],"explore":[91],"the":[92,110,117,124,134,148,156,173],"ability":[93],"hyperspectral":[95,196],"infestation":[99,174,179],"musk":[101],"thistle":[102],"(Carduus":[103],"nutans)":[104],"on":[105],"a":[106,188],"native":[107],"grassland":[108],"during":[109,116],"preflowering":[111,160],"stage":[112,120],"mid-April":[114],"peak":[118,162],"flowering":[119,163],"mid-June":[122],"support":[125],"vector":[126],"machine":[127],"classifier":[128],"assess":[131],"compare":[133],"resulting":[135],"accuracy":[137],"these":[139],"two":[140],"distinctive":[141],"phenological":[142],"stages.":[143],"Accuracy":[144],"assessment":[145],"revealed":[146],"that":[147,169],"overall":[149],"accuracies":[150],"were":[151],"79%":[152],"91%":[154],"classified":[157],"images":[158],"at":[159],"stages,":[164],"respectively.":[165],"These":[166],"results":[167],"indicate":[168],"repeated":[170],"extent,":[175],"well":[177],"severity":[180],"intensity,":[182],"this":[184],"noxious":[185],"weed":[186],"spatial":[189],"temporal":[191],"context":[192],"possible":[194],"imagery.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}